Table 1 Beneficiary characteristics at death by place of care trajectory group

Number (row %)

1,998,282 (100.0)

199,828 (100.0)

57,856 (29.0)

40,866 (20.5)

18,126 (9.1)

28,437 (14.2)

16,474 (8.2)

9544 (4.8)

9543 (4.8)

9827 (4.9)

9155 (4.6)

Table 1a.

Median (IQR) days of skilled home care, last 3 years

39

(0-142)

38

(0-143)

0

(0–18)

14

(0–42)

113

(62–176)

133

(97–190)

371 (292–465)

756

(612–902)

56

(10–128)

30

(0-120)

0

(0–18)

Average days (SD) with skilled home care, last 3 years

117.8

(191.2)

117.7 (190.9)

12.0 (19.9)

24.0 (27.7)

130.3 (88.7)

147.2 (69.5)

382.1 (122.6)

453.7 (186.5)

82.5 (87.3)

81.0 (113.0)

23.6 (49.9)

Median (IQR) days of institutional care, last 3 years

31

(8-100)

31

(8-100)

6

(0–19)

29

(12–61)

52

(23–97)

33

(10–68)

65

(22–136)

50

(11–128)

269

(209–350)

606

(510–718)

728 (706–730)

Average days (SD) in institutional care, last 3 years

114.2

(198.0)

114.1 (197.9)

13.2 (17.0)

42.7 (40.3)

69.2 (63.8)

45.9 (44.2)

98.6 (106.2)

88.2 (102.7)

281.1 (89.3)

605.9 (121.5)

724.4 (91.4)

Care intensity (SE)^a

115.4

(268.0)

115.3

(267.8)

38.4

(26.3)

109.4

(48.2)

268.7

(107.6)

239.0

(70.8)

579.3

(141.7)

631.0

(209.8)

644.7

(76.4)

1292.8

(151.9)

1472.4

(102.9)

Table 1b. - Number (column %)

Age at death, mean (SD)

81.8 (10.2)

81.8 (10.2)

80.1 (9.9)

80.0

(10.3)*

83.0 (10.4)*

83.0

(9.4)*

84.1

(9.9)*

83.7 (10.8)*

82.3 (10.3)*

84.3 (10.1)*

85.0 (10.6)*

Age ≥ 70

(reference)

1,811,551 (90.7)

181,281 (90.7)

52,181 (90.2)

36,111 (88.4)

16,452 (90.8)

26,559 (93.4)

15,304 (92.9)

8604 (90.2)

8615 (90.3)

9044 (92.0)

8411 (91.9)

Age < 70

186,731 (9.3)

18,547 (9.3)

5675 (9.8)

4755 (11.6)*

1674 (9.2)

1878 (6.6)*

1170 (7.1)*

940

(9.8)

928

(9.7)

783 (8.0)*

744 (8.1)*

Sex

Female

(reference)

1,055,592 (52.8)

105,322 (52.7)

26,127 (45.2)

19,076 (46.7)*

10,471 (57.8)*

15,456 (54.4)*

10,027 (60.9)*

6120 (64.1)*

5277 (55.3)*

6419 (65.3)*

6349 (69.4)*

Male

942,690 (47.2)

94,506 (47.3)

31,729 (54.8)

21,790 (53.3)

7655 (42.2)

12,981 (45.6)

6447 (39.1)

3424 (35.9)

4266 (44.7)

3408 (34.7)

2806 (30.6)

Race/ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic

1,620,601 (81.1)

162,016 (81.1)

46,253 (79.9)

33,307 (81.5)

14,668 (80.9)

23,671 (83.2)

13,675 (83.0)

7237 (75.8)

7803 (81.8)

8081 (82.2)

7321 (80.0)

Black, non-Hispanic

192,674 (9.6)

19,268 (9.6)

5062 (8.7)

3708

(9.1)

1866 (10.3)*

2470 (8.7)

1528 (9.3)

1295 (13.6)*

1081 (11.3)*

1107 (11.3)*

1151 (12.6)*

Hispanic

131,851

(6.6)

13,185 (6.6)

4702 (8.1)

2651 (6.5)*

1157 (6.4)*

1622 (5.7)*

911

(5.5)*

817 (8.6)

429 (4.5)*

419 (4.3)*

477 (5.2)*

Asian American/Pacific Islander

43,262 (2.2)

4366 (2.2)

1550 (2.7)

958 (2.3)*

349 (1.9)*

567 (2.0)*

274

(1.7)*

141 (1.5)*

188 (2.0)*

168 (1.7)*

171 (1.9)*

American Indian/Alaska Native

9894 (0.50)

993 (0.50)

289 (0.50)

242 (0.59)

86

(0.47)

107 (0.38)*

86

(0.52)

54 (0.57)

42 (0.44)

52 (0.53)

35 (0.38)

Medicare Insurance Type

Medicare fee-for-service only (reference)

913,220

(45.7)

91,147 0

(45.6)

29,401 (50.8)

20,237 (49.5)

9084 (50.1)

14,527 (51.1)

8097 (49.2)

4152 (43.5)

3175 (33.3)

1536 (15.6)

938 (10.3)

Medicare FFS + Medicaid

366,672 (18.4)

36,691 (18.4)

4891 (8.5)

4812 (11.8)*

2688 (14.8)*

3284 (11.6)*

3127 (19.0)*

2813 (29.5)*

3458 (36.2)*

5612 (57.1)*

6006 (65.6)*

Medicare Advantage only

511,504 (25.6)

51,429 (25.7)

19,484 (33.7)

12,132 (29.7)*

4556 (25.2)*

8285 (29.1)*

3628 (22.0)*

1521 (15.9)*

1101 (11.5)*

443 (4.5)*

279 (3.0)*

Medicare Advantage + Medicaid

206,886 (10.3)

20,561 (10.3)

4080 (7.0)

3685

(9.0)*

1798

(9.9)*

2341

(8.2)*

1622

(9.8)*

1058

(11.1)*

1809

(19.0)*

2236

(22.8)*

1932

(21.1)*

Neighborhood Profile

Metropolitan, ADI < 85%

(reference)

1,381,642 (69.1)

138,546 (69.3)

39,743 (68.7)

28,049 (68.6)

13,305 (73.4)

20,226

(71.1)

11,856 (72.0)

6645 (69.6)

6454 (67.6)

6353 (64.6)

5915

(64.6)

Metropolitan, ADI > 85%

198,840 (10.0)

19,679 (9.9)

5813 (10.0)

4207 (10.3)

1585 (8.7)*

2760 (9.7)*

1546 (9.4)*

918 (9.6)

929 (9.7)

1027 (10.5)

894 (9.8)

Nonmetropolitan, ADI < 85%

251,827 (12.6)

25,042 (12.5)

7326 (12.7)

5169 (12.6)

1970 (10.9)*

3315 (11.6)*

1901 (11.5)*

1259 (13.2)

1275 (13.4)

1449 (14.7)*

1378 (15.1)*

Nonmetropolitan, ADI > 85%

119,005 (6.0)

11,871 (6.0)

3490 (6.0)

2462 (6.0)

861 (4.8)*

1474 (5.2)*

807 (4.9)*

551 (5.8)

667 (7.0)*

789 (8.0)*

770 (8.4)*

Chronic Conditions

Total number of conditions, mean (SD)

5.1

(2.8)

5.1

(2.8)

3.7

(2.5)

5.0

(2.7)*

5.9

(2.6)*

5.1

(2.6)*

6.0

(2.5)*

6.5

(2.4)*

6.3

(2.5)*

6.5

(2.3)*

6.7

(2.2)*

Alzheimer’s disease and dementia

902,208 (45.2)

90,228 (45.2)

13,566 (23.4)

13,486 (33.0)*

9319 (51.4)*

13,623 (47.9)*

10,682 (64.8)*

6711 (70.3)*

6605 (69.2)*

8188 (83.3)*

8048 (87.9)*

Hypertension

1,645,124 (82.3)

164,333 (82.2)

41,198 (71.2)

33,511 (82.0)*

15,983

(88.2)*

23,579

(82.9)*

14,767 (89.6)*

8858 (92.8)*

8683 (91.0)*

9139 (93.0)*

8615 (94.1)*

Hyperlipidemia

1,479,637 (74.0)

147,796 (74.0)

36,736 (63.5)

30,443 (74.5)*

14,573 (80.4)*

21,299 (74.9)*

13,327 (80.9)*

8068 (84.5)*

7802 (81.8)*

8104 (82.5)*

7444 (81.3)*

Chronic kidney disease

1,086,192 (54.4)

108,566 (54.3)

22,821 (39.4)

22,937 (56.1)*

11,544 (63.7)*

15,401 (54.2)*

10,222 (62.0)*

6471 (67.8)*

6520 (68.3)*

6519 (66.3)*

6121 (66.9)*

Congestive heart failure

1,024,014 (51.2)

102,499 (51.3)

19,337 (33.4)

30,981 (75.8)*

11,510 (63.5)*

14,674 (51.6)*

10,479 (63.6)*

6646 (69.6)*

6294 (66.0)*

6434 (65.5)*

6143 (67.1)*

Depression

921,497 (46.1)

91,932 (46.0)

16,044 (27.7)

16,337 (40.0)*

9610 (53.0)*

12,955 (45.6)*

9802 (59.5)*

6527 (68.4)*

6076 (63.7)*

7267 (73.9)*

7314 (79.9)*

Diabetes

904,000 (45.2)

90,347 (45.2)

19,511 (33.7)

18,250 (44.7)*

9576 (52.8)*

12,399 (43.6)*

8489 (51.5)*

5627 (59.0)*

5395 (56.5)*

5609 (57.1)*

5491 (60.0)*

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

848,079 (42.4)

84,508 (42.3)

17,107 (29.6)

17,816 (43.6)*

9199 (50.8)*

12,100 (42.6)*

8434 (51.2)*

5538 (58.0)*

4828 (50.6)*

4931 (50.2)*

4555 (49.8)*

Stroke/TIA

552,646 (27.7)

55,529 (27.8)

9785 (16.9)

10,247 (25.1)*

6228 (34.4)*

7827 (27.5)*

5935 (36.0)*

3819 (40.0)*

3576 (37.5)*

4033 (41.0)*

4079 (44.6)*

Cancer

448,861 (22.5)

44,729 (22.4)

11,863 (20.5)

9742 (23.8)*

4307 (23.8)*

7323 (25.8)*

3939 (23.9)*

2091 (21.9)*

2021 (21.2)

1881 (19.1)*

1558 (17.0)*

Acute myocardial infarction

236,073 (11.8)

23,619 (11.8)

4494 (7.8)

5403 (13.2)*

2805 (15.5)*

3315 (11.7)*

2357 (14.3)*

1446 (15.2)*

1449 (15.2)*

1240 (12.6)*

1110 (12.1)*

End-stage renal disease

68,147 (3.4)

6896 (3.5)

750

(1.3)

1878 (4.6)*

1053 (5.8)*

840 (3.0)*

582 (3.5)*

400 (4.2)*

722 (7.6)*

414 (4.2)*

257 (2.8)*

HIV

55,207 (2.8)

5575 (2.8)

1190 (2.0)

1361 (3.3)*

636 (3.5)*

648

(2.3)

455

(2.8)*

290 (3.0)*

398 (4.2)*

312 (3.2)*

285 (3.1)*