Table 4 Characteristics of cluster membership for individuals with 2 or more diseases

Hypertension, High Cholesterol, Diabetes

Stroke, Arthritis

High Cholesterol, Ulcer

Hypertension, High Cholesterol, Arthritis, Asthma, Diabetes, Ulcer

Age Group

n = 706

n = 462

n = 510

n = 6706

 50–64

164 (23.2)

100 (21.6)

120 (23.5)

2887 (43.1)

 65–74

269 (38.1)

165 (35.7)

193 (37.8)

2254 (33.6)

 75–84

190 (26.9)

126 (27.3)

135 (26.5)

1139 (17.0)

 85 + 

83 (11.8)

71 (15.4)

62 (12.2)

426 (6.35)

Sex

 Male

274 (38.8)

170 (36.8)

200 (39.2)

3018 (45.0)

 Female

432 (61.2)

292 (63.2)

310 (60.8)

3688 (55.0)

Race/Ethnicity

 Non-Hispanic White

523 (74.1)

362 (78.4)

385 (75.5)

4804 (71.6)

 Non-Hispanic Black

108 (15.3)

49 (10.6)

74 (14.5)

845 (12.6)

 Hispanic

35 (4.96)

18 (3.90)

21 (4.12)

452 (6.74)

 People from additional racial and ethnic minorities group

40 (5.67)

33 (7.14)

30 (5.88)

605 (9.02)

Marital Status

 Married

294 (41.6)

189 (40.9)

211 (41.4)

2990 (44.7)

 Widowed/Divorced/ Separated

354 (50.1)

241 (52.2)

257 (50.4)

2856 (42.7)

 Never married/Unmarried couple

58 (8.22)

32 (6.93)

42 (8.24)

848 (12.7)

Highest Education

  < High school

86 (12.3)

61 (13.3)

64 (12.6)

1013 (15.2)

 High school graduate

195 (27.8)

121 (26.4)

137 (27.0)

1931 (28.9)

 Some college

211 (30.1)

147 (32.0)

164 (32.4)

1958 (29.4)

  ≥ College graduate

209 (29.8)

130 (28.3)

142 (28.0)

1770 (26.5)

Family Income

  < $35,000

277 (39.2)

195 (42.2)

194 (38.0)

2742 (40.9)

 $35,000–$49,999

90 (12.8)

51 (11.0)

74 (14.5)

873 (13.0)

 $50,000–$74,999

146 (20.7)

97 (21.0)

111 (21.8)

1143 (17.0)

 $75,000–$99,999

75 (10.6)

48 (10.4)

50 (9.80)

654 (9.75)

 $100,000 + 

118 (16.7)

71 (15.4)

81 (15.9)

1294 (19.3)

Self-Rated Health

 Excellent/Very good

277 (39.3)

152 (32.9)

195 (38.3)

2538 (37.9)

 Good

238 (33.8)

168 (36.4)

168 (33.0)

2379 (35.5)

 Fair/Poor

190 (27.0)

142 (30.7)

146 (28.7)

1786 (26.6)

Smoking Status

 Never smoker

373 (52.9)

237 (51.4)

256 (50.3)

3365 (50.4)

 Current smoker

60 (8.51)

48 (10.4)

51 (10.0)

969 (14.5)

 Former smoker

272 (38.6)

176 (38.2)

202 (39.7)

2349 (35.1)

Alcohol Use

 Never drinker

148 (21.2)

96 (21.0)

97 (19.2)

1262 (19.1)

 Former drinker

169 (24.2)

109 (23.9)

128 (25.4)

1599 (24.2)

 Current drinker—infrequent/light

266 (38.0)

180 (39.4)

190 (37.6)

2508 (38.0)

 Current drinker—moderate/heavy

116 (16.6)

72 (15.7)

90 (17.8)

1234 (18.7)

Physical Activity

 No activity

278 (40.3)

198 (44.1)

196 (39.5)

2458 (37.7)

 Some activity

158 (22.9)

105 (23.4)

112 (22.6)

1594 (24.5)

 Meets/exceeds

254 (36.8)

146 (32.5)

188 (37.9)

2464 (37.8)

Obesity

 BMI (≥ 30 kg/m²)

233 (33.8)

160 (35.1)

167 (33.4)

2597 (40.1)

Multimorbidity Count

 2–3

264 (37.4)

123 (26.6)

140 (27.5)

4162 (62.1)

 4–5

283 (40.1)

200 (43.3)

230 (45.1)

1807 (26.9)

 6 + 

159 (22.5)

139 (30.1)

140 (27.4)

737 (11.0)

Cancer Type

 Prostate

222 (31.4)

138 (29.9)

161 (31.6)

 Breast

337 (47.7)

215 (46.5)

234 (45.9)

 Colon/rectal

77 (10.9)

57 (12.3)

55 (10.8)

 Lung

37 (5.24)

21 (4.55)

33 (6.47)

 Cervical

33 (4.67)

31 (6.71)

27 (5.29)

Time Since Diagnosis

 Immediate (< 2 years)

91 (12.9)

58 (12.5)

69 (13.5)

 Short-term (2–5 years)

173 (24.5)

96 (20.8)

122 (23.9)

 Long-term (> 5 years)

442 (62.6)

308 (66.7)

319 (62.6)

Age at Diagnosis

  < 50

114 (16.1)

86 (18.6)

86 (16.9)

 50–64

321 (45.5)

185 (40.0)

237 (46.5)

 65–74

189 (26.8)

136 (29.4)

138 (27.1)

 75–84

69 (9.77)

43 (9.31)

38 (7.45)

 85 + 

13 (1.84)

12 (2.60)

11 (2.16)