Table 3 Characteristics of cluster membership for individuals with 2 or more diseases

Age Group

n = 213

n = 1788

0.001

n = 247

n = 2193

 < .001

n = 47

n = 493

 < .001

 50–64

70 (32.9)

854 (47.8)

35 (14.2)

753 (34.3)

12 (25.5)

245 (49.7)

 65–74

81 (38.0)

562 (31.4)

85 (34.4)

746 (34.0)

17 (36.2)

183 (37.1)

 75–84

46 (21.6)

271 (15.2)

83 (33.6)

478 (21.8)

14 (29.8)

51 (10.3)

 85 + 

16 (7.51)

101 (5.65)

44 (17.8)

216 (9.85)

4 (8.51)

14 (2.84)

Sex

0.018

0.009

0.805

 Male

70 (32.9)

738 (41.3)

107 (43.3)

1143 (52.1)

24 (51.1)

261 (52.9)

 Female

143 (67.1)

1050 (58.7)

140 (56.7)

1050 (47.9)

23 (48.9)

232 (47.1)

Race/Ethnicity

0.123

0.004

0.326

 Non-Hispanic

White

162 (76.1)

1295 (72.4)

184 (74.5)

1641 (74.8)

35 (74.5)

339 (68.8)

 Non-Hispanic Black

28 (13.2)

229 (12.8)

39 (15.8)

239 (10.9)

6 (12.8)

57 (11.6)

 Hispanic

8 (3.76)

151 (8.45)

6 (2.43)

169 (7.71)

5 (10.6)

52 (10.5)

 People from additional racial and ethnic minorities group

15 (7.04)

113 (6.32)

18 (7.29)

144 (6.57)

1 (2.13)

45 (9.13)

Marital Status

0.009

0.003

0.187

 Married

89 (41.8)

695 (39.0)

90 (36.4)

943 (43.1)

21 (44.7)

200 (40.7)

 Widowed/

Divorced/Separated

109 (51.2)

825 (46.3)

141 (57.1)

1009 (46.1)

23 (48.9)

210 (42.8)

 Never married/

Unmarried couple

15 (7.04)

262 (14.7)

16 (6.48)

235 (10.8)

3 (6.38)

81 (16.5)

Highest Education

0.626

0.284

0.128

  < High school

33 (15.6)

302 (17.0)

30 (12.2)

356 (16.3)

2 (4.26)

78 (15.9)

 High school

graduate

56 (26.4)

505 (28.4)

67 (27.2)

626 (28.7)

11 (23.4)

127 (25.9)

 Some college

77 (36.3)

566 (31.9)

81 (32.9)

645 (29.6)

20 (42.6)

157 (32.0)

  ≥ College graduate

46 (21.7)

403 (22.7)

68 (27.6)

554 (25.4)

14 (29.8)

128 (26.1)

Family Income

0.612

0.192

0.355

  < $35,000

106 (49.8)

830 (46.4)

100 (40.5)

979 (44.6)

19 (40.4)

244 (49.5)

 $35,000–$49,999

21 (9.86)

229 (12.8)

38 (15.4)

275 (12.5)

8 (17.0)

54 (11.0)

 $50,000–$74,999

29 (13.6)

277 (15.5)

51 (20.7)

361 (16.5)

5 (10.6)

74 (15.0)

 $75,000–$99,999

18 (8.45)

159 (8.89)

24 (9.72)

203 (9.26)

6 (12.8)

36 (7.30)

 $100,000 + 

39 (18.3)

293 (16.4)

34 (13.8)

375 (17.1)

9 (19.2)

85 (17.2)

Self-Rated Health

0.785

0.397

0.238

 Excellent/Very

good

59 (27.7)

505 (28.2)

67 (27.2)

651 (29.7)

15 (32.6)

162 (32.9)

 Good

78 (36.6)

613 (34.3)

95 (38.6)

752 (34.3)

19 (41.3)

150 (30.5)

 Fair/Poor

76 (35.7)

670 (37.5)

84 (34.2)

789 (63.0)

12 (26.1)

180 (36.6)

Smoking Status

0.008

0.003

0.222

 Never smoker

88 (41.3)

707 (39.7)

115 (46.6)

992 (45.4)

18 (38.3)

193 (39.2)

 Current smoker

28 (13.2)

390 (21.9)

17 (6.88)

317 (14.5)

5 (10.6)

98 (19.9)

 Former smoker

97 (45.5)

684 (38.4)

115 (46.6)

874 (40.0)

24 (51.1)

201 (40.9)

Alcohol Use

0.088

0.475

0.484

 Never drinker

43 (20.4)

272 (15.5)

55 (22.5)

417 (19.4)

7 (14.9)

79 (16.3)

 Former drinker

68 (32.2)

497 (28.4)

72 (29.5)

622 (28.9)

11 (23.4)

136 (28.0)

 Current drinker-

infrequent/light

69 (32.7)

655 (37.4)

75 (30.7)

759 (35.2)

22 (46.8)

173 (35.6)

 Current drinker-

moderate/heavy

31 (14.7)

328 (18.7)

42 (17.2)

355 (16.5)

7 (14.9)

98 (20.2)

Physical Activity

0.294

0.952

0.685

 No activity

100 (48.3)

755 (43.4)

107 (44.0)

945 (44.2)

19 (41.3)

199 (41.9)

 Some activity

40 (19.3)

409 (23.5)

57 (23.5)

483 (22.6)

8 (17.4)

105 (22.1)

 Meets/exceeds

67 (32.4)

575 (33.1)

79 (32.5)

708 (33.2)

19 (41.3)

171 (36.0)

Obesity

0.596

0.062

0.866

 BMI (≥ 30 kg/m²)

82 (39.0)

704 (40.9)

82 (34.0)

861 (40.2)

17 (36.2)

180 (37.4)

Multimorbidity Count

 < .0001

 < .0001

0.0001

 2–3

43 (20.2)

698 (39.0)

24 (9.72)

648 (29.6)

4 (8.51)

195 (39.6)

 4–5

83 (39.0)

637 (35.6)

107 (43.3)

911 (41.5)

22 (46.8)

169 (34.3)

 6 + 

87 (40.8)

453 (25.3)

116 (47.0)

634 (28.9)

21 (44.7)

129 (26.2)