Table 2 Multinomial logistic regression of factors associated with disability in older adults in Ghana

Age

60–69 (RC)

70–79

1.43 [1.39–1.47]

≤ 0.001

2.08 [2.02–2.14]

≤ 0.001

80 and above

1.73 [1.67–1.80]

≤ 0.001

4.24 [4.10–4.38]

≤ 0.001

Sex

Males (RC)

Female

1.07 [1.03–1.10]

≤ 0.001

1.06 [1.03–1.09]

≤ 0.001

Education

No education (RC)

Primary

1.41 [1.34–1.48]

≤ 0.001

1.28 [1.22–1.34]

≤ 0.001

JHS/Middle

1.22 [1.18–1.26]

≤ 0.001

0.95 [0.91–0.98]

0.001

SHS

1.22 [1.17–1.28]

≤ 0.001

0.85 [0.81–0.89]

≤ 0.001

Tertiary

1.04 [0.97–1.10]

0.245

0.59 [0.55–0.63]

≤ 0.001

Marital Status

Currently married (RC)

Ever married

1.25 [1.21–1.28]

≤ 0.001

1.42 [1.38–1.46]

≤ 0.001

Never married

1.10 [1.02–1.20]

0.021

1.47 [1.36–1.59]

≤ 0.001

Employment status

Employed (RC)

Unemployed

1.49 [1.45–1.53]

≤ 0.001

2.63 [2.56–2.70]

≤ 0.001

Region of residence

Coastal (RC)

Middle

0.92 [0.89–0.94]

≤ 0.001

0.83 [0.81–0.86]

≤ 0.001

Northern

0.72 [0.69–0.75]

≤ 0.001

0.69 [0.67–0.72]

≤ 0.001

Place of residence

Urban (RC)

Rural

1.25 [1.22–1.28]

≤ 0.001

1.37 [1.33–1.40]

≤ 0.001

Religious affiliation

Affiliated (RC)

Unaffiliated

1.02 [0.97–1.08]

0.391

1.11 [1.05–1.17]

≤ 0.001

Household wealth

Poor (RC)

Middle

1.20 [1.16–1.25]

≤ 0.001

1.30 [1.25–1.34]

≤ 0.001

Rich

1.17 [1.13–1.21]

≤ 0.001

1.37 [1.33–1.42]

≤ 0.001

Health insurance status

Yes (RC)

No

0.91 [0.88–0.93]

≤ 0.001

0.96 [0.94–0.99]

0.009

Cooking fuel

Polluting (RC)

Clean

0.86 [0.83–0.89]

≤ 0.001

0.93 [0.90–0.96]

≤ 0.001