Table 2 Characteristics of patients with and without pemphigoid
Characteristics | Before matching | After matching | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total (n = 7,036,932) | With pemphigoid (n = 3265) | Without pemphigoid (n = 7,033,667) a | p-value | Total (n = 9474) | With pemphigoid (n = 3158) | Without pemphigoid (n = 6316) a | p-value | |
AD | 175,398 (2.5) | 150 (4.6) | 175,248 (2.5) | < 0.001 | 363 (3.8) | 147 (4.7) | 216 (3.4) | 0.003 |
Age, years | 73.9 ± 0.02 | 79.2 ± 0.16 | 73.9 ± 0.02 | < 0.001 | 78.8 ± 0.1 | 79.2 ± 0.2 | 78.6 ± 0.1 | 0.003 |
60–69 | 2,660,325 (37.8) | 550 (16.9) | 2,659,775 (37.8) | < 0.001 | 1584 (16.7) | 528 (16.7) | 1056 (16.7) | 1.000 |
70–79 | 2,311,346 (32.9) | 978 (30.0) | 2,310,368 (32.9) | 2841 (30.0) | 947 (30.0) | 1894 (30.0) | ||
80+ | 2,065,261 (29.4) | 1737 (53.2) | 2,063,524 (29.3) | 5049 (53.3) | 1683 (53.3) | 3366 (53.3) | ||
Sex | 0.680 | 1.000 | ||||||
Male | 3,296,330 (46.8) | 1517 (46.5) | 3,294,813 (46.8) | 4392 (46.4) | 1464 (46.4) | 2928 (46.4) | ||
Female | 3,740,602 (53.2) | 1748 (53.5) | 3,738,854 (53.2) | 5082 (53.6) | 1694 (53.6) | 3388 (53.6) | ||
Race | < 0.001 | 1.000 | ||||||
White | 5,201,334 (76.3) | 2414 (76.4) | 5,198,920 (76.3) | 7242 (76.4) | 2414 (76.4) | 4828 (76.4) | ||
Black | 728,794 (10.7) | 345 (10.9) | 728,449 (10.7) | 1035 (10.9) | 345 (10.9) | 690 (10.9) | ||
Hispanic | 530,265 (7.8) | 163 (5.2) | 530,102 (7.8) | 489 (5.2) | 163 (5.2) | 326 (5.2) | ||
Others | 356,555 (5.2) | 236 (7.5) | 356,319 (5.2) | 708 (7.5) | 236 (7.5) | 472 (7.5) | ||
Missing | 219,984 | 107 | 219,877 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
Household income | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||
Quartile1 | 1,942,868 (28.1) | 692 (21.4) | 1,942,176 (28.1) | 2311 (24.7) | 678 (21.7) | 1633 (26.3) | ||
Quartile2 | 1,857,101 (26.8) | 768 (23.8) | 1,856,333 (26.8) | 2386 (25.5) | 727 (23.3) | 1659 (26.7) | ||
Quartile3 | 1,685,094 (24.4) | 824 (25.5) | 1,684,270 (24.4) | 2324 (24.9) | 796 (25.5) | 1528 (24.6) | ||
Quartile4 | 1,435,599 (20.7) | 945 (29.3) | 1,434,654 (20.7) | 2318 (24.8) | 921 (29.5) | 1397 (22.5) | ||
Missing | 116,270 | 36 | 116,234 | 135 | 36 | 99 | ||
Insurance status | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||
Medicare/Medicaid | 5,780,220 (82.2) | 2985 (91.5) | 5,777,235 (82.2) | 8498 (89.8) | 2890 (91.6) | 5608 (88.9) | ||
Private including HMO | 1,016,463 (14.5) | 212 (6.5) | 1,016,251 (14.5) | 780 (8.2) | 206 (6.5) | 574 (9.1) | ||
Self-pay/no-charge/other | 232,166 (3.3) | 65 (2.0) | 232,101 (3.3) | 189 (2.0) | 60 (1.9) | 129 (2.0) | ||
Missing | 8083 | 3 | 8080 | 7 | 2 | 5 | ||
Active tobacco use | < 0.001 | 0.189 | ||||||
No | 4,430,321 (63.0) | 2310 (70.8) | 4,428,011 (63.0) | 6355 (67.1) | 2231 (70.6) | 4124 (65.3) | ||
Yes | 2,606,611 (37.0) | 955 (29.3) | 2,605,656 (37.1) | 3119 (32.9) | 927 (29.4) | 2192 (34.7) | ||
Excessive alcohol use | 0.007 | < 0.001 | ||||||
No | 6,786,718 (96.4) | 3178 (97.3) | 6,783,540 (96.4) | 9255 (97.7) | 3076 (97.4) | 6179 (97.8) | ||
Yes | 250,214 (3.6) | 87 (2.7) | 250,127 (3.6) | 219 (2.3) | 82 (2.6) | 137 (2.2) | ||
Chronic disease | ||||||||
Ischemic heart disease | 2,173,764 (30.9) | 957 (29.3) | 2,172,807 (30.9) | 0.056 | 3049 (32.2) | 936 (29.6) | 2113 (33.5) | < 0.001 |
Valvular heart disease | 246,112 (3.5) | 157 (4.8) | 245,955 (3.5) | < 0.001 | 424 (4.5) | 151 (4.8) | 273 (4.3) | 0.336 |
DM | 2,409,835 (34.3) | 1434 (43.9) | 2,408,401 (34.2) | < 0.001 | 3446 (36.4) | 1385 (43.9) | 2061 (32.6) | < 0.001 |
Hypertension | 5,284,662 (75.1) | 2635 (80.7) | 5,282,027 (75.1) | < 0.001 | 7429 (78.4) | 2551 (80.8) | 4878 (77.2) | < 0.001 |
Dyslipidemia | 3,233,028 (45.9) | 1484 (45.5) | 3,231,544 (45.9) | 0.586 | 4400 (46.4) | 1438 (45.5) | 2962 (46.9) | 0.214 |
Obesity | 1,201,438 (17.1) | 709 (21.7) | 1,200,729 (17.1) | < 0.001 | 1577 (16.6) | 691 (21.9) | 886 (14.0) | < 0.001 |
Chronic pulmonary disease | 2,051,952 (29.2) | 951 (29.1) | 2,051,001 (29.2) | 0.968 | 2744 (29.0) | 914 (28.9) | 1830 (29.0) | 0.975 |
Severe liver disease | 112,892 (1.6) | 28 (0.9) | 112,864 (1.6) | 0.001 | 96 (1.0) | 27 (0.9) | 69 (1.1) | 0.297 |
Moderate to severe kidney disease | 299,502 (4.3) | 155 (4.8) | 299,347 (4.3) | 0.211 | 390 (4.1) | 149 (4.7) | 241 (3.8) | 0.053 |
Coagulopathy | 518,045 (7.4) | 306 (9.4) | 517,739 (7.4) | < 0.001 | 790 (8.3) | 294 (9.3) | 496 (7.9) | 0.017 |
Peripheral vascular disease | 726,601 (10.3) | 356 (10.9) | 726,245 (10.3) | 0.289 | 1086 (11.5) | 345 (10.9) | 741 (11.7) | 0.249 |
Atrial fibrillation | 1,699,223 (24.2) | 1028 (31.4) | 1,698,195 (24.1) | < 0.001 | 2935 (31.0) | 993 (31.4) | 1942 (30.7) | 0.501 |
Psychosis | 105,599 (1.5) | 44 (1.4) | 105,555 (1.5) | 0.481 | 110 (1.2) | 43 (1.4) | 67 (1.1) | 0.201 |
Depression | 932,607 (13.3) | 418 (12.8) | 932,189 (13.3) | 0.462 | 1121 (11.8) | 403 (12.8) | 718 (11.4) | 0.053 |
Systemic autoimmune disease | ||||||||
SLE | 27,644 (0.4) | 14 (0.4) | 27,630 (0.4) | 0.758 | 32 (0.3) | 14 (0.4) | 18 (0.3) | 0.215 |
RA | 186,516 (2.7) | 84 (2.6) | 186,432 (2.7) | 0.793 | 247 (2.6) | 79 (2.5) | 168 (2.7) | 0.653 |
IBD | 61,701 (0.9) | 23 (0.7) | 61,678 (0.9) | 0.311 | 76 (0.8) | 23 (0.7) | 53 (0.8) | 0.581 |
SSc | 9273 (0.1) | 3 (0.1) | 9270 (0.1) | 0.529 | 12 (0.1) | 3 (0.1) | 9 (0.1) | 0.539 |
Sjogren’s syndrome | 15,770 (0.2) | 12 (0.4) | 15,758 (0.2) | 0.108 | 24 (0.3) | 12 (0.4) | 12 (0.2) | 0.090 |
Other chronic inflammatory skin disease | ||||||||
Atopic dermatitis | 1361 (0.02) | 3 (0.09) | 1358 (0.02) | 0.003 | 3 (0.0) | 3 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | |
Hidradenitis | 1572 (0.02) | 1 (0.03) | 1571 (0.02) | 0.751 | 4 (0.0) | 1 (0.0) | 3 (0.0) | 0.722 |
Dermatomyositis & polymyositis | 3652 (0.1) | 3 (0.1) | 3649 (0.1) | 0.316 | 7 (0.1) | 3 (0.1) | 4 (0.1) | 0.592 |
Psoriasis | 43,873 (0.6) | 63 (1.9) | 43,810 (0.6) | < 0.001 | 96 (1.0) | 59 (1.9) | 37 (0.6) | < 0.001 |
Alopecia areata | 134 (0.00) | 1 (0.03) | 133 (0.00) | < 0.001 | 1 (0.0) | 1 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
Vitiligo | 1817 (0.03) | 2 (0.06) | 1815 (0.03) | 0.208 | 2 (0.0) | 2 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | |
Pyoderma gangrenosum | 1274 (0.02) | 4 (0.12) | 1270 (0.02) | < 0.001 | 4 (0.0) | 4 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | |
Rosacea | 6642 (0.1) | 4 (0.1) | 6638 (0.1) | 0.600 | 7 (0.1) | 4 (0.1) | 3 (0.0) | 0.181 |
Hospital bed size | 0.183 | 0.119 | ||||||
Large | 3,416,691 (48.6) | 1631 (50.0) | 3,415,060 (48.6) | 4568 (48.2) | 1567 (49.6) | 3001 (47.5) | ||
Medium | 2,083,915 (29.6) | 916 (28.1) | 2,082,999 (29.6) | 2792 (29.5) | 890 (28.2) | 1902 (30.1) | ||
Small | 1,536,326 (21.8) | 718 (22.0) | 1,535,608 (21.8) | 2114 (22.3) | 701 (22.2) | 1413 (22.4) | ||
Hospital location/teaching status | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||
Urban teaching | 4,516,510 (64.2) | 2357 (72.2) | 4,514,153 (64.2) | 6248 (65.9) | 2275 (72.0) | 3973 (62.9) | ||
Urban nonteaching | 1,769,201 (25.1) | 652 (20.0) | 1,768,549 (25.1) | 2265 (23.9) | 640 (20.3) | 1625 (25.7) | ||
Rural | 751,221 (10.7) | 256 (7.8) | 750,965 (10.7) | 961 (10.1) | 243 (7.7) | 718 (11.4) | ||
Hospital region | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||
Northeast | 1,383,999 (19.7) | 905 (27.7) | 1,383,094 (19.7) | 2272 (24.0) | 891 (28.2) | 1381 (21.9) | ||
Midwest | 1,582,288 (22.5) | 801 (24.5) | 1,581,487 (22.5) | 2114 (22.3) | 747 (23.7) | 1367 (21.6) | ||
South | 2,758,422 (39.2) | 916 (28.1) | 2,757,506 (39.2) | 3306 (34.9) | 900 (28.5) | 2406 (38.1) | ||
West | 1,312,223 (18.7) | 643 (19.7) | 1,311,580 (18.7) | 1782 (18.8) | 620 (19.6) | 1162 (18.4) | ||