Table 1 Characteristics of patients with and without pemphigus
Characteristics | Before matching | After matching | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total (n = 7,034,595) | With pemphigus (n = 928) | Without pemphigus (n = 7,033,667) a | p-value | Total (n = 2700) | With pemphigus (n = 900) | Without pemphigus (n = 1800) a | p-value | |
AD | 175,291 (2.5) | 43 (4.6) | 175,248 (2.5) | < 0.001 | 90 (3.3) | 41 (4.6) | 49 (2.7) | 0.011 |
Age | 73.9 ± 0.02 | 76.9 ± 0.30 | 73.9 ± 0.02 | < 0.001 | 76.8 ± 0.2 | 77.0 ± 0.3 | 76.7 ± 0.2 | 0.425 |
60–69 | 2,660,011 (37.8) | 236 (25.4) | 2,659,775 (37.8) | < 0.001 | 675 (25.0) | 225 (25.0) | 450 (25.0) | 1.000 |
70–79 | 2,310,666 (32.9) | 298 (32.1) | 2,310,368 (32.9) | 864 (32.0) | 288 (32.0) | 576 (32.0) | ||
80+ | 2,063,918 (29.3) | 394 (42.5) | 2,063,524 (29.3) | 1161 (43.0) | 387 (43.0) | 774 (43.0) | ||
Sex | 0.325 | 1.000 | ||||||
Male | 3,295,232 (46.8) | 419 (45.2) | 3,294,813 (46.8) | 1215 (45.0) | 405 (45.0) | 810 (45.0) | ||
Female | 3,739,363 (53.2) | 509 (54.9) | 3,738,854 (53.2) | 1485 (55.0) | 495 (55.0) | 990 (55.0) | ||
Race | < 0.001 | 1.000 | ||||||
White | 5,199,571 (76.3) | 651 (72.3) | 5,198,920 (76.3) | 1953 (72.3) | 651 (72.3) | 1302 (72.3) | ||
Black | 728,534 (10.7) | 85 (9.4) | 728,449 (10.7) | 255 (9.4) | 85 (9.4) | 170 (9.4) | ||
Hispanic | 530,188 (7.8) | 86 (9.6) | 530,102 (7.8) | 258 (9.6) | 86 (9.6) | 172 (9.6) | ||
Others | 356,397 (5.2) | 78 (8.7) | 356,319 (5.2) | 234 (8.7) | 78 (8.7) | 156 (8.7) | ||
Missing | 219,905 | 28 | 219,877 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
Household income | < 0.001 | 0.018 | ||||||
Quartile1 | 1,942,389 (28.1) | 213 (23.2) | 1,942,176 (28.1) | 679 (25.6) | 206 (23.2) | 473 (26.8) | ||
Quartile2 | 1,856,586 (26.8) | 253 (27.6) | 1,856,333 (26.8) | 708 (26.7) | 244 (27.4) | 464 (26.3) | ||
Quartile3 | 1,684,484 (24.4) | 214 (23.3) | 1,684,270 (24.4) | 655 (24.7) | 206 (23.2) | 449 (25.4) | ||
Quartile4 | 1,434,891 (20.7) | 237 (25.9) | 1,434,654 (20.7) | 612 (23.1) | 233 (26.2) | 379 (21.5) | ||
Missing | 116,245 | 11 | 116,234 | 46 | 11 | 35 | ||
Insurance status | < 0.001 | 0.120 | ||||||
Medicare/Medicaid | 5,778,056 (82.2) | 821 (88.6) | 5,777,235 (82.2) | 2343 (86.8) | 797 (88.7) | 1546 (85.9) | ||
Private including HMO | 1,016,340 (14.5) | 89 (9.6) | 1,016,251 (14.5) | 293 (10.9) | 85 (9.5) | 208 (11.6) | ||
Self-pay/no-charge/other | 232,118 (3.3) | 17 (1.8) | 232,101 (3.3) | 62 (2.3) | 17 (1.9) | 45 (2.5) | ||
Missing | 8081 | 1 | 8080 | 2 | 1 | 1 | ||
Active tobacco use | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||
No | 4,428,686 (63.0) | 675 (72.7) | 4,428,011 (63.0) | 1803 (66.8) | 653 (72.6) | 1150 (63.9) | ||
Yes | 2,605,909 (37.0) | 253 (27.3) | 2,605,656 (37.1) | 897 (33.2) | 247 (27.4) | 650 (36.1) | ||
Excessive alcohol use | < 0.001 | 0.012 | ||||||
No | 6,784,456 (96.4) | 916 (98.7) | 6,783,540 (96.4) | 2637 (97.7) | 888 (98.7) | 1749 (97.2) | ||
Yes | 250,139 (3.6) | 12 (1.3) | 250,127 (3.6) | 63 (2.3) | 12 (1.3) | 51 (2.8) | ||
Chronic disease | ||||||||
Ischemic heart disease | 2,173,048 (30.9) | 241 (26.0) | 2,172,807 (30.9) | 0.002 | 795 (29.4) | 234 (26.0) | 561 (31.2) | 0.006 |
Valvular heart disease | 245,990 (3.5) | 35 (3.8) | 245,955 (3.5) | 0.662 | 97 (3.6) | 35 (3.9) | 62 (3.4) | 0.565 |
DM | 2,408,768 (34.2) | 367 (39.6) | 2,408,401 (34.2) | 0.001 | 945 (35.0) | 356 (39.6) | 589 (32.7) | < 0.001 |
Hypertension | 5,282,711 (75.1) | 684 (73.7) | 5,282,027 (75.1) | 0.326 | 2018 (74.7) | 664 (73.8) | 1354 (75.2) | 0.402 |
Dyslipidemia | 3,231,935 (45.9) | 391 (42.1) | 3,231,544 (45.9) | 0.026 | 1191 (44.1) | 379 (42.1) | 812 (45.1) | 0.145 |
Obesity | 1,200,899 (17.1) | 170 (18.3) | 1,200,729 (17.1) | 0.316 | 425 (15.7) | 163 (18.1) | 262 (14.6) | 0.013 |
Chronic pulmonary disease | 2,051,208 (29.2) | 207 (22.3) | 2,051,001 (29.2) | < 0.001 | 735 (27.2) | 200 (22.2) | 535 (29.7) | < 0.001 |
Severe liver disease | 112,867 (1.6) | 3 (0.3) | 112,864 (1.6) | 0.002 | 29 (1.1) | 3 (0.3) | 26 (1.4) | < 0.001 |
Moderate to severe kidney disease | 299,375 (4.3) | 28 (3.0) | 299,347 (4.3) | 0.071 | 104 (3.9) | 27 (3.0) | 77 (4.3) | 0.113 |
Coagulopathy | 517,828 (7.4) | 89 (9.6) | 517,739 (7.4) | 0.010 | 229 (8.5) | 87 (9.7) | 142 (7.9) | 0.116 |
Peripheral vascular disease | 726,322 (10.3) | 77 (8.3) | 726,245 (10.3) | 0.048 | 271 (10.0) | 76 (8.4) | 195 (10.8) | 0.048 |
Atrial fibrillation | 1,698,443 (24.1) | 248 (26.7) | 1,698,195 (24.1) | 0.084 | 760 (28.1) | 240 (26.7) | 520 (28.9) | 0.237 |
Psychosis | 105,568 (1.5) | 13 (1.4) | 105,555 (1.5) | 0.836 | 36 (1.3) | 13 (1.4) | 23 (1.3) | 0.755 |
Depression | 932,319 (13.3) | 130 (14.0) | 932,189 (13.3) | 0.504 | 360 (13.3) | 127 (14.1) | 233 (12.9) | 0.395 |
Systemic autoimmune disease | ||||||||
SLE | 27,637 (0.4) | 7 (0.8) | 27,630 (0.4) | 0.078 | 12 (0.4) | 7 (0.8) | 5 (0.3) | 0.058 |
RA | 186,468 (2.7) | 36 (3.9) | 186,432 (2.7) | 0.027 | 79 (2.9) | 34 (3.8) | 45 (2.5) | 0.058 |
IBD | 61,684 (0.9) | 6 (0.7) | 61,678 (0.9) | 0.515 | 16 (0.6) | 5 (0.6) | 11 (0.6) | 0.874 |
SSc | 9270 (0.1) | 9270 (0.1) | 3 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (0.2) | |||
Sjogren’s syndrome | 15,759 (0.2) | 1 (0.1) | 15,758 (0.2) | 0.453 | 6 (0.2) | 1 (0.1) | 5 (0.3) | 0.377 |
Other chronic inflammatory skin disease | ||||||||
Atopic dermatitis | 1359 (0.02) | 1 (0.11) | 1358 (0.02) | 0.053 | 1 (0.0) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | |
Hidradenitis | 1571 (0.02) | 0 (0.00) | 1571 (0.02) | 2 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.1) | ||
Dermatomyositis & polymyositis | 3651 (0.1) | 2 (0.2) | 3649 (0.1) | 0.029 | 2 (0.1) | 2 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | |
Psoriasis | 43,822 (0.6) | 12 (1.3) | 43,810 (0.6) | 0.009 | 19 (0.7) | 11 (1.2) | 8 (0.4) | 0.010 |
Alopecia areata | 133 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 133 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
Vitiligo | 1815 (0.03) | 0 (0.0) | 1815 (0.03) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
Pyoderma gangrenosum | 1272 (0.02) | 2 (0.22) | 1270 (0.02) | < 0.001 | 2 (0.1) | 2 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | |
Rosacea | 6639 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 6638 (0.1) | 0.894 | 2 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 0.479 |
Hospital bed size | 0.278 | 0.081 | ||||||
Large | 3,415,536 (48.6) | 476 (51.3) | 3,415,060 (48.6) | 1302 (48.2) | 461 (51.2) | 841 (46.7) | ||
Medium | 2,083,258 (29.6) | 259 (27.9) | 2,082,999 (29.6) | 817 (30.3) | 253 (28.1) | 564 (31.3) | ||
Small | 1,535,801 (21.8) | 193 (20.8) | 1,535,608 (21.8) | 581 (21.5) | 186 (20.7) | 395 (21.9) | ||
Hospital location/teaching status | 0.049 | 0.016 | ||||||
Urban teaching | 4,514,785 (64.2) | 632 (68.1) | 4,514,153 (64.2) | 1760 (65.2) | 616 (68.4) | 1144 (63.6) | ||
Urban nonteaching | 1,768,762 (25.1) | 213 (23.0) | 1,768,549 (25.1) | 663 (24.6) | 209 (23.2) | 454 (25.2) | ||
Rural | 751,048 (10.7) | 83 (8.9) | 750,965 (10.7) | 277 (10.3) | 75 (8.3) | 202 (11.2) | ||
Hospital region | < 0.001 | 0.019 | ||||||
Northeast | 1,383,332 (19.7) | 238 (25.7) | 1,383,094 (19.7) | 629 (23.3) | 237 (26.3) | 392 (21.8) | ||
Midwest | 1,581,671 (22.5) | 184 (19.8) | 1,581,487 (22.5) | 517 (19.1) | 165 (18.3) | 352 (19.6) | ||
South | 2,757,811 (39.2) | 305 (32.9) | 2,757,506 (39.2) | 993 (36.8) | 302 (33.6) | 691 (38.4) | ||
West | 1,311,781 (18.7) | 201 (21.7) | 1,311,580 (18.7) | 561 (20.8) | 196 (21.8) | 365 (20.3) | ||