Table 4 Association between functional tooth loss with different cut-offs and the sGOHAI score (n = 744)

Total sGOHAI score

1.19 (0.60–2.33)

0.59 (0.40–0.86)^**

0.90 (0.52–1.54)

0.59 (0.40–0.88)^*

0.77 (0.48–1.24)

0.60 (0.40–0.93)^*

1 Limit the kind of food

1.30 (0.68–2.50)

0.54 (0.36–0.82)^**

1.01 (0.59–1.73)

0.53 (0.34–0.81)^**

0.90 (0.55–1.45)

0.51 (0.32–0.81)^**

2 Trouble biting/chewing

1.02 (0.52–2.01)

0.56 (0.37–0.83)^**

0.91 (0.52–1.57)

0.53 (0.34–0.81)^**

0.83 (0.51–1.36)

0.51 (0.32–0.81)^**

3 Trouble swallowing

1.35 (0.62–2.94)

0.64 (0.43–0.94)^*

0.84 (0.48–1.48)

0.68 (0.45–1.02)

0.88 (0.54–1.45)

0.63 (0.41–0.97)^*

4 Unable to speak clearly

0.49 (0.22–1.10)

0.17 (0.11–0.27)^***

0.41 (0.22–0.77)^**

0.16 (0.10–0.25)^***

0.31 (0.18–0.54)^***

0.15 (0.09–0.25)^***

5 Discomfort when eating

1.12 (0.58–2.19)

0.88 (0.61–1.27)

1.30 (0.75–2.24)

0.79 (0.54–1.17)

1.46 (0.90–2.36)

0.66 (0.44–1.00)^*

8 Medications for pain

0.67 (0.36–1.27)

1.10 (0.76–1.60)

0.72 (0.43–1.20)

1.17 (0.79–1.73)

0.85 (0.54–1.34)

1.14 (0.75–1.74)

12 Sensitive gums

1.81 (0.95–3.45)

2.34 (1.62–3.39)^***

1.35 (0.81–2.27)

2.83 (1.91–4.20)^***

1.47 (0.94–2.32)

3.11 (2.03–4.77)^***

6 Limit contact with others

0.53 (0.25–1.16)

0.37 (0.24–0.58)^***

0.59 (0.31–1.13)

0.34 (0.21–0.53)^***

0.51 (0.29–0.88)^*

0.33 (0.21–0.54)^***

7 Unhappy with appearance

0.65 (0.34–1.22)

0.58 (0.40–0.83)^**

0.69 (0.41–1.16)

0.55 (0.38–0.81)^*

0.60 (0.38–0.94)^*

0.59 (0.39–0.88)^*

9 Worried or concerned

1.48 (0.78–2.79)

1.40 (0.98–2.00)

1.72 (1.02–2.89)^*

1.30 (0.90–1.89)

1.55 (0.99–2.43)

1.32 (0.89–1.98)

10 Nervous, self-conscious

1.00 (0.46–2.16)

0.51 (0.34–0.76)^**

0.78 (0.43–1.42)

0.50 (0.33–0.76)^**

0.75 (0.45–1.26)

0.47 (0.30–0.73)^**

11 Uncomfortable eating in front of others

0.63 (0.31–1.29)

0.44 (0.30–0.66)^***

0.58 (0.33–1.02)

0.43 (0.29–0.65)^***

0.60 (0.37–0.98)^*

0.40 (0.26–0.61)^***