Table 2 Assistance preferences on domestic tasks (under the personal care category) from robots in older adults with different functional dependence level

Shaving

2.31 ± 0.96

2.86 ± 1.14

3.11 ± 1.05

21.736

< 0.001*

0.10

Bathing

1.86 ± 0.75

3.37 ± 0.77

3.56 ± 0.82

207.830

< 0.001*

0.52

Washing/combing hair

2.40 ± 0.93

2.96 ± 1.08

2.89 ± 0.98

14.053

< 0.001*

0.07

Eating/feeding myself

2.48 ± 0.89

2.33 ± 0.61

2.38 ± 0.63

1.504

0.224

-

Getting dressed

2.51 ± 0.96

2.98 ± 1.07

3.13 ± 1.02

14.887

< 0.001*

0.07

Walking

2.98 ± 1.00

3.77 ± 0.76

3.77 ± 0.67

39.220

< 0.001*

0.17

Brushing teeth

2.38 ± 0.96

3.24 ± 0.93

3.08 ± 1.11

30.961

< 0.001*

0.12

Post hoc analysis (Tukey HSD)

Domestic task

Comparing groups

Mean difference

Standard error

p

Shaving

Independent versus partially dependent

-0.55

0.127

< 0.001*

Independent versus dependent

-0.80

0.131

< 0.001*

Partially dependent versus dependent

-0.25

0.150

0.211

Bathing

Independent versus partially dependent

-1.50

0.095

< 0.001*

Independent versus dependent

-1.69

0.098

< 0.001*

Partially dependent versus dependent

-0.19

0.112

0.216

Washing/combing hair

Independent versus partially dependent

-0.56

0.122

< 0.001*

Independent versus dependent

-0.49

0.125

< 0.001*

Partially dependent versus dependent

0.07

0.144

0.876

Getting dressed

Independent versus partially dependent

-0.47

0.124

< 0.001*

Independent versus dependent

-0.63

0.127

< 0.001*

Partially dependent versus dependent

-0.15

0.146

0.544

Walking

Independent versus partially dependent

-0.79

0.108

< 0.001*

Independent versus dependent

-0.79

0.111

< 0.001*

Partially dependent versus dependent

-0.01

0.127

1.000

Brushing teeth

Independent versus partially dependent

-0.86

0.122

< 0.001*

Independent versus dependent

-0.70

0.126

< 0.001*

Partially dependent versus dependent

0.17

0.144

0.479