Fig. 1

Trajectories of frailty, cognitive impairment, and depressive symptoms in older adults in China (2011–2018). Notes. Trajectory 1 = Worsening frailty, worsening cognitive impairment, depression; Trajectory 2 = Declining pre-frailty, declining cognition, borderline depression; Trajectory 3 = Pre-frailty, worsening cognitive impairment, no depression; Trajectory 4 = Physically robust, declining cognition, no depression