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Table 2 Means, standard deviations, and analysis of variance for all strength measures

From: The reliability and suitability of strength assessments in frail and pre-frail older adults: recommendations for strength testing in older populations

Measure

 

Trial 1

Trial 2

Trial 3

ANOVA

n

M

SD

M

SD

M

SD

 

Absolute Peak Torque (N·m)

 L Knee Extension

20

66.2a

32.24

70.1a

31.67

68.6a

29.02

F (1.4, 26.7) = 2.33, p = .13, n2 = .11

 R Knee Extension

20

72.7a

26.03

74.4 a

26.97

75.7 a

29.13

F (3, 38) = 1.95, p = .16, n2 = .09

 L Knee Flexion

22

31.9b

13.05

33.3b

13.30

35.1 a

12.39

F (1.5, 30.8) = 5.26, p = .02, n2 = .20

 R Knee Flexion

21

36.3b

15.41

39.2ab

16.20

40.6a

18.47

F (2, 40) = 5.19, p = .01, n2 = .21

 Adduction

22

90.4b

29.97

92.2b

30.23

100.3a

34.59

F (2, 42) = 9.37, p =  < .001, n2 = .31

 Abduction

19

67.5a

24.85

70.8 ab

26.00

71.8b

25.60

F (2, 36) = 6.45, p = .004, n2 = .26

Absolute Peak Force (kg)

 Handgrip

22

21.9a

8.01

23.1b

8.07

23.2b

8.42

F (1.6, 32.8) = 7.88, p = .003, n2 = .27

Relative Peak Torque (N·m/kg)

 L Knee Extension

20

0.89a

0.34

0.95a

0.34

0.93a

0.32

F (1.5, 27.8) = 3.04, p = .08, n2 = .14

 R Knee Extension

20

0.97a

0.30

0.99a

0.32

1.01a

0.34

F (2, 38) = 3.04, p = .08, n2 = .10

 L Knee Flexion

22

0.43b

0.16

0.45b

0.17

0.48a

0.16

F (1.5, 32.3) = 7.03, p = .01, n2 = .25

 R Knee Flexion

21

0.48b

0.16

0.51ab

0.16

0.53a

0.18

F (2, 40) = 4.62, p = .02, n2 = .19

 Adduction

22

1.22b

0.31

1.25b

0.34

1.35a

0.34

F (2, 42) = 12.42, p =  < .001, n2 = .37

 Abduction

19

0.94b

0.23

0.98ab

0.25

0.99a

0.24

F (2, 36) = 5.23, p = .01, n2 = .23

Relative Peak Force (kg/kg)

 Handgrip

22

0.30b

0.08

0.31a

0.08

0.31a

0.08

F (1.5, 31.8) = 6.74, p = .01, n2 = .24

  1. Means with different subscripts (not sharing any letter) indicate pairs of means which differ significantly at α = .05 level as indicated by Bonferroni procedure. a = means not significantly different from other means marked a or including a; b = means not significantly different from other means marked b or including b