Table 1 Characteristics of study participants (N = 6,404)

n (%)

2648 (53)

2311 (47)

1086 (75)

359 (25)

Age (Years)

66.5 ± 4.6

67.7 ± 5.3

< 0.001

67.7 ± 5.3

70.3 ± 6.4

0.002

ASM/height² (kg/m²)

6.2 ± 0.5

5.2 ± 0.4

< 0.001

7.7 ± 0.5

6.6 ± 0.5

< 0.001

HGS (kg)

21.5 ± 3.5

19.3 ± 3.8

< 0.001

32.1 ± 5.8

27.5 ± 4.9

< 0.001

Gait speed (m/s)

1.44 ± 0.2

1.44 ± 0.2

0.662

1.54 ± 0.3

1.49 ± 0.2

< 0.001

Weight (kg)

60.8 ± 8.0

49.3 ± 5.5

< 0.001

70.8 ± 8.6

58.3 ± 7.1

< 0.001

Height (m)

155.1 ± 5.1

152.3 ± 5.0

< 0.001

167.4 ± 5.5

163.5 ± 5.5

< 0.001

Waist (cm)

84.3 ± 8.8

76.0 ± 7.7

< 0.001

90.5 ± 8.5

82.9 ± 8.0

< 0.001

BMI (kg/m²)

25.3 ± 3.4

21.3 ± 2.4

< 0.001

25.3 ± 2.8

21.9 ± 2.4

< 0.001

Midarm circumference (cm)

27.6 ± 3.1

24.5 ± 2.5

< 0.001

28.3 ± 2.8

25.3 ± 2.5

< 0.001

Calf circumference (cm)

35.3 ± 2.7

32.1 ± 2.3

< 0.001

36.9 ± 2.5

33.3 ± 2.3

< 0.001