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Table 2 Relative Risk Ratios from Multinomial logit Generalized Structural Equation Model on MUST categories estimated from LASI, Wave 1, 2017-19

From: Financial stress, health and malnourishment among older adults in India

Control variales

Response variable: MUST

HRG 1

HRG 2

Demographic characteristics

  

Gender

  

Male (Reference)

  

Female

0.78*** (0.74,0.83)

1.72*** (1.63,1.83)

Age

  

45-50yrs (Reference)

  

50-60yrs

1.05 (0.98,1.13)

1.02 (0.96,1.08)

60-70yrs

1.25*** (1.17,1.35)

0.84*** (0.78,0.90)

70yrs+

1.42*** (1.31,1.55)

0.57*** (0.52,0.62)

Religion

  

Hindu (Reference)

  

Islam

0.79*** (0.73,0.86)

1.29*** (1.20,1.38)

Christian

0.51*** (0.47,0.57)

1.03 (0.94,1.13)

Others

0.71*** (0.62,0.80)

1.63*** (1.48,1.79)

Caste

  

Scheduled Caste (Reference)

  

Scheduled Tribe

1.01 (0.93,1.09)

0.75*** (0.69,0.82)

Other Backward Class

0.89*** (0.83,0.94)

1.05 (0.98,1.12)

None of them

0.84*** (0.78,0.91)

1.26*** (1.18,1.35)

Living arrangements

  

Living alone (Reference)

  

Living with spouse and/or others

0.96 (0.84,1.09)

1.21** (1.06,1.40)

Living with spouse and children

0.93 (0.82,1.05)

1.26** (1.11,1.44)

Living with children and others

1.04 (0.91,1.18)

1.27** (1.11,1.46)

Living with others only

1.00 (0.85,1.18)

1.02 (0.86,1.21)

Education

  

No/ Less than Primary (Reference)

  

Primary Completed

0.86*** (0.80,0.93)

1.35*** (1.26,1.44)

Middle Completed

0.85** (0.78,0.93)

1.39*** (1.29,1.50)

Secondary School/Matriculation

0.67*** (0.60,0.75)

1.55*** (1.43,1.68)

Higher Secondary/Intermmediate

0.72*** (0.62,0.83)

1.56*** (1.40,1.73)

Higher education

0.49*** (0.42,0.58)

1.63*** (1.47,1.80)

MPCE

  

Poorest (Reference)

  

Poorer

1.00 (0.94,1.07)

1.12** (1.04,1.21)

Middle

0.70*** (0.65,0.75)

1.10** (1.03,1.19)

Richer

0.67*** (0.62,0.72)

1.28*** (1.19,1.38)

Richest

0.70*** (0.65,0.76)

1.50*** (1.40,1.62)

Work status

  

not currently working-never worked (Reference)

  

ever worked but not currently working with pension

0.94 (0.80,1.11)

0.90 (0.79,1.02)

ever worked but not currently working with pension

1.40*** (1.30,1.50)

0.91* (0.86,0.98)

working-agriculture

1.24*** (1.15,1.33)

0.56*** (0.52,0.61)

working-business etc.

0.95 (0.85,1.05)

1.07 (0.98,1.16)

working-salaried expecting pension

0.99 (0.81,1.22)

1.01 (0.88,1.17)

working-salaried not expecting pension

0.96 (0.87,1.06)

0.82*** (0.76,0.90)

Diagnosed with chronic disease

  

No (Reference)

  

Yes

0.90*** (0.86,0.95)

2.05*** (1.96,2.14)

Composite Cognition Scores

0.96*** (0.95,0.96)

1.03*** (1.03,1.04)

Episodic depression

  

No major symptoms (Reference)

  

Major symptoms

1.10* (1.01,1.21)

1.06 (0.98,1.15)

Life satisfaction Index (continuous scores)

0.97*** (0.96,0.98)

1.02*** (1.01,1.03)

Constant

2.87*** (2.27,3.63)

0.04*** (0.03,0.05)

  1. Note: *** p-value < 0.001; ** p-value < 0.01; * p-value < 0.05, the 95% CI’s are within parentheses
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