Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants
From: Impact of age on mortality and transfer to long-term care in patients in an intensive care unit
Characteristics | Total participants (N = 1584) | < 65 years (N = 694) | 65–79 years (N = 643) | ≥ 80 years (N = 247) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 67.0 (57.0–76.0) | 55.0 (47.0–61.0) | 73.0 (69.0–76.0) | 83.0 (81.0–86.0) | < 0.001 |
Sex, no (%) | 0.347 | ||||
Male, no. | 1032 (65.2) | 464 (66.9) | 415 (64.5) | 153 (61.9) | |
Female, no. | 552 (34.8) | 230 (33.1) | 228 (35.5) | 94 (38.1) | |
Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | 84.0 (72.0–97.0) | 86.0 (72.0–98.0) | 84.0 (72.0–97.0) | 82.0 (71.0–94.0) | 0.026 |
Heart rate (/min) | 99.5 (82.0–117.0) | 101.0 (85.0–118.0) | 98.0 (81.0–119.0) | 95.0 (77.0–113.0) | 0.008 |
Respiratory rate (/min) | 21.0 (18.0–25.0) | 22.0 (18.0–25.0) | 21.0 (18.0–25.0) | 20.0 (16.0–24.0) | < 0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 22.3 (19.5–25.1) | 22.1 (19.2–25.1) | 22.5 (20.0–25.3) | 22.1 (19.4–24.6) | 0.072 |
Use of facility before admission, no (%) | 315 (19.9) | 138 (19.9) | 131 (20.4) | 46 (18.6) | 0.842 |
ICU admission year, no (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
2017 | 473 (29.9) | 219 (31.6) | 188 (29.2) | 66 (26.7) | |
2018 | 397 (25.1) | 164 (23.6) | 178 (27.7) | 55 (22.3) | |
2019 | 357 (22.5) | 181 (26.1) | 130 (20.2) | 46 (18.6) | |
2020 | 357 (22.5) | 130 (18.7) | 147 (22.9) | 80 (32.4) | |
CCI | 3.0 (2.0–5.0) | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) | 3.0 (2.0–5.0) | 3.0 (2.0–5.0) | < 0.001 |
CCI, no (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
0–1 | 312 (19.7) | 170 (24.5) | 97 (15.1) | 45 (18.2) | |
2–4 | 816 (51.5) | 355 (51.2) | 334 (51.9) | 127 (51.4) | |
≥ 5 | 456 (28.8) | 169 (24.4) | 212 (33.0) | 75 (30.4) | |
Comorbidities, no (%) | |||||
HTN | 910 (57.4) | 265 (38.2) | 454 (70.6) | 191 (77.3) | < 0.001 |
DM | 600 (37.9) | 210 (30.3) | 274 (42.6) | 116 (47.0) | < 0.001 |
CKD | 408 (25.8) | 126 (18.2) | 187 (29.1) | 95 (38.5) | < 0.001 |
Cardiovascular disease | 312 (19.7) | 70 (10.1) | 160 (24.9) | 82 (33.2) | < 0.001 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 201 (12.7) | 42 (6.1) | 103 (16.0) | 56 (22.7) | < 0.001 |
Liver disease | 262 (16.5) | 154 (22.2) | 91 (14.2) | 17 (6.9) | < 0.001 |
Asthma | 91 (5.7) | 30 (4.3) | 41 (6.4) | 20 (8.1) | 0.061 |
COPD | 156 (9.8) | 53 (7.6) | 86 (13.4) | 17 (6.9) | < 0.001 |
Solid cancer | 466 (29.4) | 176 (25.4) | 232 (36.1) | 58 (23.5) | < 0.001 |
Psychological disorder | 32 (2.0) | 20 (2.9) | 11 (1.7) | 1 (0.4) | 0.046 |
Dementia | 69 (4.4) | 5 (0.7) | 35 (5.4) | 29 (11.7) | < 0.001 |
Reason for ICU admission | 0.017 | ||||
Cardiogenic cause | 53 (3.3) | 21 (3.0) | 26 (4.0) | 6 (2.4) | |
Respiratory cause | 917 (57.9) | 393 (56.6) | 374 (58.2) | 150 (60.7) | |
Gastrointestinal cause | 227 (14.3) | 119 (17.1) | 82 (12.8) | 26 (10.5) | |
Nephrogenic cause | 108 (6.8) | 47 (6.8) | 45 (7.0) | 16 (6.5) | |
Infectious cause | 256 (16.2) | 98 (14.1) | 109 (17.0) | 49 (19.8) | |
Hematologic cause | 23 (1.5) | 16 (2.3) | 7 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) | |
ICU LOS (day) | 9.0 (4.0–18.0) | 8.0 (4.0–16.0) | 9.0 (5.0–19.0) | 10.0 (6.0–19.0) | 0.006 |
General ward LOS before ICU admission (day) | 2.0 (0.0–13.0) | 2.0 (0.0–15.0) | 2.0 (0.0–12.0) | 1.0 (0.0–11.0) | 0.066 |
General ward LOS after ICU discharge (day) | 12.0 (0.0–38.0) | 13.0 (0.0–46.0) | 13.0 (0.0–37.0) | 10.0 (0.0–25.0) | 0.008 |
IMS on ICU admission | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.029 |
IMS on ICU discharge | 0.0 (0.0–1.0) | 0.0 (0.0–2.0) | 0.0 (0.0–1.0) | 0.0 (0.0–1.0) | 0.014 |
DNR status after ICU admission, no (%) | 585 (36.9) | 230 (33.1) | 258 (40.1) | 97 (39.3) | 0.022 |
28-day mortality, no (%) | 449 (28.3) | 188 (27.1) | 184 (28.6) | 77 (31.2) | 0.464 |
90-day mortality, no (%) | 614 (38.8) | 244 (35.2) | 268 (41.7) | 102 (41.3) | 0.034 |
Discharge destination* | < 0.001 | ||||
Home | 633 (71.4) | 334 (81.5) | 228 (67.3) | 71 (51.8) | |
General hospital | 50 (5.6) | 23 (5.6) | 15 (4.4) | 12 (8.8) | |
Long–term care hospital | 203 (22.9) | 53 (12.9) | 96 (28.3) | 54 (39.4) | |
Intubation, no (%) | 1184 (74.7) | 509 (73.3) | 483 (75.1) | 192 (77.7) | 0.379 |
SOFA | 9.0 (6.0–12.0) | 8.0 (5.0–11.0) | 9.0 (6.0–12.0) | 9.0 (7.0–12.0) | 0.009 |
Laboratory data | |||||
White blood cell (103/µL) | 12.1 (7.5–18.3) | 10.9 (6.5–16.7) | 12.9 (8.1–19.2) | 13.5 (8.6–19.6) | < 0.001 |
Albumin (g/dL) | 2.7 (2.4–3.0) | 2.7 (2.4–3.1) | 2.7 (2.3–3.0) | 2.6 (2.3–2.9) | < 0.001 |
Blood urea nitrogen | 31.0 (19.2–50.1) | 27.1 (15.5–45.8) | 31.4 (20.9–50.8) | 39.4 (26.8–59.0) | < 0.001 |
Creatine | 1.1 (0.6–1.8) | 0.9 (0.6–1.8) | 1.1 (0.7–1.8) | 1.3 (0.9–2.0) | < 0.001 |
C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 91.8 (34.0–185.6) | 74.8 (24.6–171.0) | 101.6 (43.2–189.1) | 120.6 (45.8–219.8) | < 0.001 |
Delta neutrophil index | 2.6 (0.9–7.7) | 2.7 (0.8–7.6) | 2.5 (1.0–7.9) | 2.5 (0.6–7.2) | 0.768 |