Table 2 Sociodemographic and health characteristics of participants by intervention group and site (n = 190)a
Characteristic n (%) | Outdoor Walk Group | Weekly Reminders Group | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | Site 1 ( n  = 26) Y1 = 11 Y2 = 15 | Site 2 ( n  = 28) Y1 = 7 Y2 = 21 | Site 3 ( n  = 26) Y1 = 9 Y2 = 17 | Site 4 ( n  = 18) Y1 = 6 Y2 = 12 | Pooled ( n  = 98) Y1 = 33 Y2 = 65 | n | Site 1 ( n  = 25) Y1 = 9 Y2 = 16 | Site 2 ( n  = 25) Y1 = 8 Y2 = 17 | Site 3 ( n  = 24) Y1 = 11 Y2 = 13 | Site 4 ( n  = 18) Y1 = 4 Y2 = 14 | Pooled ( n  = 92) Y1 = 32 Y2 = 60 | |
Participant type | ||||||||||||
 Individual | 98 | 20 (76.9) | 24 (85.7) | 22 (84.6) | 12 (66.7) | 78 (79.6) | 92 | 19 (76.0) | 23 (92.0) | 22 (91.6) | 12 (66.7) | 76 (82.6) |
 Dyad | 6 (23.1) | 4 (14.3) | 4 (15.4) | 6 (33.3) | 20 (20.4) | 6 (24.0) | 2 (7.7) | 2 (8.3) | 6 (33.3) | 16 (17.2) | ||
Age in years | ||||||||||||
 Mean (SD) | 98 | 74.7 (6.9) | 73.5 (6.3) | 77.6 (7.1) | 76.7 (6.6) | 75.3 (6.9) | 92 | 70.9 (4.0) | 73.7 (6.4) | 80.3 (8.3) | 73.7 (7.1) | 74.2 (7.4) |
 Range | 65–94 | 65–86 | 65–91 | 67–90 | 65–94 |  | 64–79 | 66–86 | 66–93 | 63–84 | 63–93 | |
Sex | ||||||||||||
 Female | 98 | 18 (69.2) | 20 (71.4) | 23 (88.5) | 13 (72.2) | 74 (75.5) | 92 | 17 (68.0) | 17 (68.0) | 18 (75.0) | 13 (72.2) | 65 (70.7) |
 Male | 8 (30.8) | 8 (28.6) | 3 (11.5) | 5 (27.8) | 24 (24.5) | 8 (32.0) | 8 (32.0) | 6 (25.0) | 5 (27.8) | 27 (29.3) | ||
BMI | ||||||||||||
 Mean (SD) | 98 | 29.6 (6.4) | 31.8 (6.8) | 26.8 (5.1) | 29.3 (6.3) | 29.6 (6.4) | 90 | 28.6 (3.9) | 29.9 (7.4) | 27.8 (5.3) | 32.1 (7.7) | 29.3 (6.2) |
 Range | 18.6–49.3 | 18.8–49.3 | 19.3–36.4 | 20.1–40.8 | 18.6–49.3 | 18.6–35.4 | 15.6–44.7 | 20.4–45.3 | 21.8–49.4 | 15.6–49.4 | ||
Frailty classificationb | ||||||||||||
 Not frail | 95 | 10 (38.5) | 13 (46.4) | 4 (16.0) | 3 (18.8) | 30 (31.6) | 87 | 13 (52.0) | 10 (43.5) | 6 (26.1) | 4 (25.0) | 33 (38.0) |
 Pre-frail | 16 (61.5) | 11 (39.3) | 17 (68.0) | 12 (75.0) | 56 (59.0) | 12 (48.0) | 12 (52.2) | 14 (60.9) | 12 (75.0) | 50 (57.8) | ||
 Frail | 0 (0) | 4 (14.3) | 4 (16.0) | 1 (6.3) | 9 (9.5) | 0 (0) | 1 (4.4) | 3 (13.0) | 0 (0) | 4 (4.6) | ||
Walking aid used daily | ||||||||||||
 None | 98 | 20 (76.9) | 22 (78.6) | 13 (50.0) | 15 (83.3) | 70 (71.4) | 92 | 22 (88.0) | 21 (84.0) | 14 (58.3) | 15 (83.3) | 72 (78.3) |
 Single point cane | 4 (15.4) | 4 (14.3) | 6 (23.1) | 2 (11.1) | 16 (16.3) | 2 (8.0) | 2 (8.0) | 5 (20.8) | 2 (11.1) | 11 (12.0) | ||
 Walking poles | 1 (3.8) | 1 (3.6) | 1 (3.8) | 1 (5.6) | 4 (4.1) | 1 (4.0) | 1 (4.0) | 1 (4.2) | 0 (0) | 3 (3.3) | ||
 4-wheeled walker | 1 (3.8) | 1 (3.6) | 6 (23.1) | 0 (0) | 8 (8.2) | 0 (0) | 1 (4.0) | 4 (16.7) | 1 (5.6) | 6 (6.5) | ||
Health conditions | ||||||||||||
 None | 98 | 3 (11.5) | 1 (3.6) | 1 (3.8) | 1 (5.6) | 6 (6.1) | 92 | 2 (8.0) | 2 (8.0) | 1 (4.2) | 0 (0) | 5 (5.4) |
 Arthritis | 15 (57.7) | 23 (82.1) | 22 (84.6) | 10 (55.6) | 70 (71.4) | 13 (52.0) | 17 (68.0) | 17 (70.8) | 11 (61.1) | 58 (63.0) | ||
 Hypertension | 9 (34.6) | 15 (53.6) | 9 (34.6) | 8 (44.4) | 41 (41.8) | 12 (48.0) | 12 (48.0) | 12 (50.0) | 9 (50.0) | 45 (48.9) | ||
 Impaired hearing | 8 (30.8) | 7 (25.0) | 11 (42.3) | 6 (33.3) | 32 (32.7) | 2 (8.0) | 6 (24.0) | 9 (37.5) | 2 (11.1) | 19 (20.7) | ||
 Cataracts | 4 (15.4) | 11 (39.3) | 9 (34.6) | 5 (27.8) | 29 (29.6) | 4 (16.0) | 10 (40.0) | 9 (37.5) | 5 (27.8) | 28 (30.4) | ||
 Thyroid problem | 5 (19.2) | 7 (25.0) | 7 (26.9) | 6 (33.3) | 25 (25.5) | 6 (24.0) | 6 (24.0) | 6 (25.0) | 0 (0) | 18 (19.6) | ||
 Respiratory conditionsc | 8 (30.8) | 5 (17.9) | 6 (23.1) | 5 (27.8) | 24 (24.5) | 3 (12.0) | 6 (24.0) | 2 (8.3) | 3 (16.7) | 14 (15.2) | ||
 Cancer | 5 (19.2) | 5 (17.9) | 9 (34.6) | 4 (22.2) | 23 (23.5) | 6 (24.0) | 2 (8.0) | 7 (29.2) | 0 (0) | 15 (16.3) | ||