Table 2 Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients with dementia and matched controls without dementia upon hospital presentation
Variables | Dementia N = 4051 | Control patientsa N = 1,1511 | p-value2 |
|---|---|---|---|
Self-reported symptoms | |||
Duration of symptoms (days) | 5.0 (3.0, 7.0) | 7.0 (4.0, 10.0) | < 0.001 |
Dyspnoea | 238 (58.8%) | 750 (65.2%) | 0.025 |
Cough | 217 (53.6%) | 684 (59.4%) | 0.046 |
Fever | 200 (49.4%) | 480 (41.7%) | 0.009 |
Delirium | 156 (38.5%) | 259 (22.5%) | < 0.001 |
Adynamia | 132 (32.6%) | 364 (31.6%) | 0.766 |
Diarrhoea | 41 (10.1%) | 156 (13.6%) | 0.089 |
Rhinorrhoea | 41 (10.1%) | 130 (11.3%) | 0.578 |
Myalgia | 38 (9.4%) | 242 (21.0%) | < 0.001 |
Headache | 12 (3.0%) | 120 (10.4%) | < 0.001 |
Ageusia | 4 (1.0%) | 66 (5.7%) | < 0.001 |
Anosmia | 5 (1.2%) | 64 (5.6%) | < 0.001 |
Clinical assessment | |||
Sensory impairment | 232 (57.3%) | 295 (25.6%) | < 0.001 |
HR (bpm) | 84.0 (73.0, 94.0) | 82.0 (73.0, 93.0) | 0.740 |
RR (bpm) | 22.0 (19.0, 24.0) | 21.0 (19.0, 25.0) | 0.914 |
Mechanical ventilation | 93 (23.0%) | 435 (37.8%) | < 0.001 |
Systolic blood pressure (SBP) | 0.150 | ||
SBP ≥ 90 mmHg | 360 (93.0%) | 959 (90.4%) | |
SBP < 90 mmHg | 9 (2.3%) | 22 (2.1%) | |
Inotropic requirement | 18 (4.7%) | 80 (7.5%) | |
Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) | 0.127 | ||
DBP > 60 mmHg | 295 (76.4%) | 798 (75.4%) | |
DBP ≤ 60 mmHg | 73 (18.9%) | 180 (17.0%) | |
Inotropic requirement | 18 (4.6%) | 80 (7.6%) | |
SF ratio | 342.9 (248.0, 428.6) | 335.7 (217.5, 433.3) | 0.261 |
Palliative care | 161 (39.8%) | 227 (19.7%) | < 0.001 |