Is the association between blood pressure and cognition in the oldest-old modified by physical, vascular or brain pathology markers? The EMIF-AD 90 + Study

Table 1 Cognitive tests

	Scoring range	Cognitive domain
CERAD 10-words test [26]
Immediate recall	0–30	Memory
10-min delayed recall	0–10	Memory
Logical memory test [27]
Immediate recall	0–23	Memory
20–30-min delayed recall	0–23	Memory
Rey Complex Figure Test delayed copy after 3 min corrected for the immediate copy [28]	0-36^a	Memory
Visual Association Test [29]	0–12	Memory
Total adjusted errors on the PAL test of the CANTAB [30]	0–70	Memory
Median five-choice reaction time of the CANTAB	N/A	PS
Digit Symbol Substitution Test from the WAIS-R [31]	N/A	PS
Trail Making Test (TMT) A [32]	N/A^b	PS
Trail Making Test B corrected for A [32]	N/A^b	EF
Clock Drawing Test [33]	0–14	EF
Letter fluency (1 min per letter, letters D-A-T) [34]	0–93	PS
Digit Span Backward from the WAIS-III [35]	0–14	EF

CANTAB computerized Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery, CERAD Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease; EF executive functioning, N/A not applicable, PAL Paired Associate Learning, PS processing speed, WAIS(-R) Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale(-Revised). ^aThis is the range for the copies separately; ^bThere was no time limit for the assessment of the TMT A and B, but for some individuals scores were missing due to cognitive problems, therefore we assigned maximum scores based on the time 2SD above the study sample mean (see text for a more extensive explanation)

ISSN: 1471-2318