Table 4 Comparison between normal, osteoporosis, possible sarcopenia, possible osteosarcopenia

Charlson Comorbidity Index, Median (IQR)

2.0

(1.0–3.0)

2.0

(1.0–3.0)

3.0

(2.0–5.0)

2.0

(1.0–3.0)

< 0.001*

Functional capacity

 Barthel index of activities of daily living, Median (IQR)

100.0

(95.0-100.0)

100.0

(95.0-100.0)

90.0

(82.5–100.0)

90.0

(75.0-100.0)

< 0.001*

 Lawton instrumental activities of daily living, Median (IQR)

7.0

(6.0–8.0)

7.0

(5.0–8.0)

5.0

(1.0–7.0)

5.0

(1.5-7.0)

< 0.001*

Physical performance

 Handgrip strength, Median (IQR)

25.3

(20.6–33.9)

22.2

(19.9–26.8)

16.7

(13.9–20.8)

14.6

(12.4–17.0)

< 0.001*

 6-meter walking speed, Median (IQR)

1.1

(0.9–1.2)

0.9

(0.8–1.2)

0.8

(0.6-1.0)

0.9

(0.7-1.0)

< 0.001*

 Low physical performance, n (%)

28

(37.8%)

38

(64.4%)

37

(75.5%)

67

(73.6%)

< 0.001*

 Timed Up and Go test (sec), Median (IQR)

10.1

(8.4–13.3)

12.6

(10.1–15.7)

14.2

(10.8–16.4)

12.9

(10.7–16.9)

< 0.001*

 Mini-mental state examination, Median (IQR)

28.0

(26.0–29.0)

27.0

(23.5–29.0)

24.0

(17.5–28.0)

23.0

(17.0–28.0)

< 0.001*

 Cognitive impairment, n (%)

10

(12.8%)

12

(19.7%)

28

(40.6%)

46

(35.7%)

< 0.001*

 Five-item geriatric depression scale, Median (IQR)

1.0

(0.0–1.0)

0.0

(0.0–1.0)

1.0

(0.0–2.0)

1.0

(0.0–2.0)

0.022*

 Depressive symptoms, n (%)

13

(16.9%)

11

(18.0%)

18

(26.1%)

38

(29.5%)

0.131

 Mini-nutritional assessment-short form, Median (IQR)

14.0

(13.0–14.0)

13.0

(12.0–14.0)

12.0

(11.0–14.0)

13.0

(11.0–14.0)

< 0.001*

Mini-nutritional assessment-short form, n (%)

< 0.001*

 Normal

68

(90.7%)

48

(82.8%)

42

(61.8%)

76

(62.3%)

 At risk

6

(8.0%)

9

(15.5%)

23

(33.8%)

36

(29.5%)

 Malnutrition

1

(1.3%)

1

(1.7%)

3

(4.4%)

10

(8.2%)

 One-year mortality, n (%)

0

(0.0%)

0

(0.0%)

1

(1.5%)

4

(3.1%)

0.322