Table 2 Comparison of frailty prevalence by demographics characteristics and geriatric syndrome in the modelling set
Characteristics | Cases (n = 1481) | Non-frailty (n = 1139) | Frailty (n = 342) | Statistics | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cerebrovascular disease (%)] |  |  |  | χ2 = 6.38 | 0.012 |
Yes | 169(11.41%) | 143(84.62%) | 26(15.38%) | Â | Â |
No | 1312(88.59%) | 996(75.91%) | 316(24.09%) | Â | Â |
Diet |  |  |  | χ2 = 35.59 | < 0.001 |
Normal diet | 1086(73.33%) | 878(80.85%) | 208(19.15%) | Â | Â |
Abnormal diet | 395(26.67%) | 261(66.08%) | 134(33.92%) | Â | Â |
Allergic history |  |  |  | χ2 = 5.36 | 0.021 |
Yes | 239(16.14%) | 170(71.13%) | 69(28.87%) | Â | Â |
No | 1242(83.86%) | 969(78.02%) | 273(21.98%) | Â | Â |
With catheter |  |  |  | χ2 = 52.56 | < 0.001 |
Yes | 93(6.28%) | 43(46.24%) | 50(53.76%) | Â | Â |
No | 1388(93.72%) | 1096(78.96%) | 292(21.04%) | Â | Â |
Damaged skin |  |  |  | χ2 = 27.75 | < 0.001 |
Yes | 14(0.95%) | 2(14.29%) | 12(85.71%) | Â | Â |
No | 1467(99.05%) | 1137(77.51%) | 330(22.49%) | Â | Â |
Consciousness |  |  |  | χ2 = 4.74 | 0.029 |
Yes | 1457(98.38%) | 1125(77.21%) | 332(22.79%) | Â | Â |
No | 24(1.62%) | 14(58.33%) | 10(41.67%) | Â | Â |
Normal sleep |  |  |  | χ2 = 34.07 | < 0.001 |
Yes | 1395(94.19%) | 1095(78.49%) | 300(21.51%) | Â | Â |
No | 86(5.81%) | 44(51.16%) | 42(48.84%) | Â | Â |
Normal vision |  |  |  | χ2 = 39.12 | < 0.001 |
Yes | 1371(92.57%) | 1081(78.85%) | 290(21.15%) | Â | Â |
No | 110(7.43%) | 58(52.73%) | 52(47.27%) | Â | Â |
Normal hearing |  |  |  | χ2 = 77.63 | < 0.001 |
Yes | 1290(87.10%) | 1040(80.62%) | 250(19.38%) | Â | Â |
No | 191(12.90%) | 99(51.83%) | 92(48.17%) | Â | Â |
GDS − 15 score |  |  |  | χ2 = 132.20 | < 0.001 |
Normal | 1139(76.91%) | 1117(98.07%) | 22(1.93%) | Â | Â |
Abnormal | 342(23.09%) | 279(81.58%) | 63(18.42%) | Â | Â |
Admission to hospital |  |  |  | χ2 = 330.50 | < 0.001 |
Walking | 1214(81.97%) | 1047(86.24%) | 167(13.76%) | Â | Â |
Wheelchair or stretcher | 267(18.03%) | 92(34.46%) | 175(65.54%) | Â | Â |
MNA–SF score |  |  |  | χ2 = 196.01 | < 0.001 |
Normal | 1122(75.76%) | 954(85.03%) | 168(14.97%) | Â | Â |
Risk of malnutrition | 272(18.37%) | 157(57.72%) | 115(42.28%) | Â | Â |
Malnutrition | 87(5.87%) | 28(32.18%) | 59(67.82%) | Â | Â |
MFS score |  |  |  | χ2 = 276.98 | < 0.001 |
Low risk | 229(15.46%) | 222(96.94%) | 7(3.06%) | Â | Â |
Medium risk | 946(63.88%) | 787(83.19%) | 159(16.81%) | Â | Â |
High risk | 306(20.66%) | 130(42.48%) | 176(57.52%) | Â | Â |
Braden score |  |  |  | χ2 = 315.55 | < 0.001 |
Without risk | 1139(76.91%) | 1087(95.43%) | 52(4.57%) | Â | Â |
With risk(low or medium or high or very high) | 342(23.09%) | 200(58.48%) | 142(41.52%) | Â | Â |
BI score |  |  |  | χ2 = 496.89 | < 0.001 |
No dependence | 714(48.21%) | 690(96.64%) | 24(3.36%) | Â | Â |
Mild dependence | 503(33.96%) | 370(73.56%) | 133(26.44%) | Â | Â |
Moderate dependence | 136(9.18%) | 51(37.50%) | 85(62.50%) | Â | Â |
Severe dependence | 128(8.64%) | 28(21.88%) | 100(78.13%) | Â | Â |
Water swallow test |  |  |  | χ2 = 123.63 | < 0.001 |
Normal | 1058(71.44%) | 894(84.50%) | 164(15.50%) | Â | Â |
Abnormal | 367(24.78%) | 218(59.40%) | 149(40.60%) | Â | Â |
Dysphagia | 56(3.78%) | 27(48.21%) | 29(51.79%) | Â | Â |
Caprini score |  |  |  | χ2 = 111.68 | < 0.001 |
Low or medium risk | 1139(76.91%) | 505(44.34%) | 634(55.66%) | Â | Â |
High or very high risk | 342(23.09%) | 44(12.87%) | 298(87.13%) | Â | Â |
ICI-Q-SF score |  |  |  | χ2 = 107.93 | < 0.001 |
Normal | 1139(76.91%) | 965(84.72%) | 174(15.28%) | Â | Â |
Mild or moderate or severe urinary incontinence | 342(23.09%) | 200(58.48%) | 142(41.52%) | Â | Â |
Pain |  |  |  | χ2 = 14.21 | < 0.001 |
Painless | 1139(76.91%) | 1083(95.08%) | 56(4.92%) | Â | Â |
Mild or moderate or severe pain | 342(23.09%) | 306(89.47%) | 36(10.53%) | Â | Â |
Age |  |  |  | χ2 = 205.82 | < 0.001 |
65–74 | 856(57.80%) | 743(86.80%) | 113(13.20%) |  |  |
75–84 | 450(30.38%) | 331(73.56%) | 119(26.44%) |  |  |
≥ 85 | 175(11.82%) | 65(37.14%) | 110(62.86%) |  |  |
MMSE score |  |  |  | χ2 = 81.45 | < 0.001 |
Normal | 1139(76.91%) | 820(71.99%) | 319(28.01%) | Â | Â |
Abnormal | 342(23.09%) | 156(45.61%) | 186(54.39%) | Â | Â |
BMI |  |  |  | χ2 = 49.23 | < 0.001 |
< 18.5 | 88(5.94%) | 49(55.68%) | 39(44.32%) |  |  |
18.5–23.9 | 714(48.21%) | 519(72.69%) | 195(27.31%) |  |  |
≥ 24 | 679(45.85%) | 571(84.09%) | 108(15.91%) |  |  |
Hospital days |  |  |  | χ2 = 71.99 | < 0.001 |
≤ 5 | 446(30.11%) | 389(87.22%) | 57(12.78%) |  |  |
6–9 | 413(27.89%) | 329(79.66%) | 84(20.34%) |  |  |
10–13 | 314(21.20%) | 232(73.89%) | 82(26.11%) |  |  |
≥ 14 | 308(20.80%) | 189(61.36%) | 119(38.64%) |  |  |
Hospitalisation times |  |  |  | χ2 = 28.68 | < 0.001 |
1 | 713(48.14%) | 588(82.47%) | 125(17.53%) | Â | Â |
2 | 210(14.18%) | 162(77.14%) | 48(22.86%) | Â | Â |
≥ 3 | 558(37.68%) | 389(69.71%) | 169(30.29%) |  |  |
Year |  |  |  | χ2 = 10.89 | 0.001 |
2019–2020 | 1481(66.53%) | 342(23.09%) | 1139(76.91%) |  |  |
2021 | 745(33.47%) | 220(29.53%) | 525(70.47%) | Â | Â |