Skip to main content

Table 1 Association between socio-demographic factors and depression

From: Depression among older adults in an urban slum of Raipur city – a community based cross-sectional study

Socio-demographic factors

Depression

Total

Basic model

Pre-final model

Final model

Present (n = 206)

Absent (n = 194)

OR (95% CI)

AOR (95% CI)

AOR (95% CI)

No

%

No

%

No

%

Agea

60–64

84

40.8

92

47.4

176

44.0

1

-

-

65–74

89

43.2

77

39.7

166

41.5

1.27 (0.83–1.94)

-

-

 > 75

33

16.0

25

12.9

58

14.5

1.45 (0.79–2.63)

-

-

Sex

Male

86

41.7

83

42.8

169

42.3

1

-

-

Female

120

58.3

111

57.2

231

57.8

1.04 (0.70–1.55)

-

-

Type of familyb

Nuclear

76

36.9

34

17.5

110

27.5

2.75 (1.73–4.38)

1.07 (0.51–2.26)

-

Extended/ Joint

130

63.1

160

82.5

290

72.5

1

1

-

Number of family members

 < 3

67

32.5

19

9.8

86

21.5

4.99 (2.79–8.98)

4.23 (1.74–10.29)

3.68 (1.17–11.57)

3–5

60

29.1

63

32.5

123

30.8

1.35 (0.86–2.13)

1.35 (0.82–2.21)

0.92 (0.33–2.51)

 > 6

79

38.4

112

57.7

191

47.8

1

1

1

Education

Literate

65

31.6

75

38.7

140

35.0

1

-

-

Illiterate

141

68.4

119

61.3

260

65.0

1.37 (0.91–2.06)

-

-

Employment

Present

51

24.8

58

29.9

109

27.3

1

-

-

Absent

155

75.2

136

70.1

291

72.8

1.30 (0.84–2.02)

-

-

Socio-economic Statusc

Upper and middle

10

4.9

32

16.5

42

10.5

1

1

1

Lower

196

95.1

162

83.5

358

89.5

3.87 (1.85–8.11)

3.03 (1.40–6.58)

4.39 (0.84–22.84)

Marital status

Married

205

99.5

194

100

399

99.8

-

-

-

Unmarried

1

0.5

0

0.0

1

0.3

-

-

-

Living status of spouse (n = 399)

Alive

87

42.4

103

53.1

190

47.7

1

1

1

Dead

118

57.6

91

46.9

209

52.3

1.54 (1.03–2.28)

1.65 (1.06–2.58)

3.39 (1.29–8.93)

Number of children (n = 399)

No children

10

4.9

2

1.0

12

3.0

5.41 (1.16–25.13)

2.80 (0.54–14.61)

-

1–2 children

60

29.3

46

23.7

106

26.6

1.41 (0.90–2.21)

1.24 (0.75–2.03)

-

 > 3 children

135

65.8

146

75.3

281

70.4

1

1

-

Financial dependence

Present

135

65.5

97

50.0

232

58.0

1.90 (1.27–2.84)

1.94 (1.25–3.01)

0.57 (0.22–1.48)

Absent

71

34.5

97

50.0

168

42.0

1

1

1

  1. aParticipants between the ages of 60 and 64 years were identified as youngest-old, those between ages 65 and 74 years as middle-old, and those aged 75 years and over as oldest-old
  2. bThe type of family was categorized into nuclear (married couple with or without minor/dependent/adopted children), joint (two or more blood related individuals (usually brothers) and their spouses, with or without their children) and extended (vertical extension of the nuclear family, with representation of three generations where a married couple along with their minor/dependent children lived with the older adults parents) family
  3. cSocioeconomic status was based on Modified Kuppuswamy scale updated for the year 2018 (I, upper; II, upper middle; III, lower middle; IV, upper lower; V, lower)
Back to article page

BMC Geriatrics

ISSN: 1471-2318

Contact us