Table 1 Baseline sociodemographic characteristics stratified by sex

Age (y)

56.6 ± 9.8

58.6 ± 9.6

55.6 ± 9.7

 < 0.001^a

Age, ≥ 60y

1074 (40.8)

448 (48.7)

626 (36.5)

 < 0.001

BMI (kg/m²)

24.9 ± 3.7

24.5 ± 3.6

25.1 ± 3.8

 < 0.001^a

Hypertension, yes

994 (37.8)

400 (43.5)

594 (34.7)

 < 0.001

Diabetes, yes

288 (10.9)

88 (9.6)

200 (11.7)

0.112

Dyslipidemia, yes

1220 (46.3)

424 (46.1)

796 (46.5)

0.884

CHD, yes

250 (9.5)

70 (7.6)

180 (10.5)

0.019

Ethnicity

0.277

 Han

1672 (63.5)

597 (64.9)

1075 (62.8)

 Mongolian

846 (32.1)

290 (31.5)

556 (32.5)

 Others

115 (4.4)

33 (3.6)

82 (4.8)

Income

0.047

  < 10,000 yuan

1742 (66.2)

580 (63.0)

1162 (67.8)

 10,000–30000 yuan

713 (27.1)

272 (29.6)

441 (25.7)

  ≥ 30,000 yuan

178 (6.8)

68 (7.4)

110 (6.4)

Education

 < 0.001

  ≤ Primary school

946 (35.9)

234 (25.4)

712 (41.6)

 Middle school

1250 (47.5)

479 (52.1)

771 (45.0)

  ≥ High School

437 (16.6)

207 (22.5)

230 (13.4)

Marital status

 < 0.001

 Married

2403 (91.3)

862 (93.7)

1541 (90.0)

 Widowhood

187 (7.1)

38 (4.1)

149 (8.7)

 Unmarried/Divorce

43 (1.6)

20 (2.2)

23 (1.3)

Smoking

 < 0.001

 Non-smoking

1713 (65.1)

280 (30.4)

1433 (83.7)

 Current smoking

728 (27.6)

502 (54.6)

226 (13.2)

 Previous smoking

192 (7.3)

138 (15.0)

54 (3.2)

Drinking

 < 0.001

 Non-drinking

1850 (70.3)

329 (35.8)

1521 (88.8)

 Current drinking

613 (23.3)

471 (51.2)

142 (8.3)

 Previous drinking

170 (6.5)

120 (13.0)

50 (2.9)

Physical labor level

 < 0.001

 Low

723 (27.5)

200 (21.7)

523 (30.5)

 moderate

1786 (67.8)

635 (69.0)

1151 (67.2)

 High

124 (4.7)

85 (9.2)

39 (2.3)

HGS (kg)

29.0 ± 9.0

37.6 ± 8.0

24.4 ± 5.4

 < 0.001^a

MoCA-BC^c

22.0 [18.0, 26.0]

22.0 [18.0, 25.0]

22.0 [19.0, 26.0]

0.007 ^b

MCI, yes

966 (36.7)

378 (41.1)

588 (34.3)

0.001