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Table 4 Multivariable-adjusted longitudinal association between amino acid intake and incidence of cognitive impairment

From: Dietary amino acid intake and sleep duration are additively involved in future cognitive decline in Japanese adults aged 60 years or over: a community-based longitudinal study

 

Crude*

Model 1*

Model 2*

Model 3*

Amino acids

OR

95%CI

P value

OR

95%CI

P value

OR

95%CI

P value

OR

95%CI

P value

Long-sleep group (> 8 h, n = 177)

Isoleucine

1.51

0.98–2.32

0.060

1.35

0.85–2.15

0.209

1.39

0.80–2.44

0.246

1.72

0.90–3.26

0.099

Leucine

1.52

1.00–2.33

0.053

1.37

0.85–2.19

0.195

1.42

0.81–2.49

0.226

1.75

0.92–3.35

0.089

Lysine

1.38

0.89–2.12

0.149

1.18

0.74–1.87

0.487

1.16

0.69–1.93

0.581

1.33

0.70–2.52

0.389

Methionine

1.39

0.91–2.13

0.132

1.21

0.75–1.95

0.437

1.20

0.68–2.11

0.532

1.37

0.72–2.59

0.335

Cystine

1.76

1.13–2.73

0.012

1.51

0.95–2.41

0.084

1.67

0.96–2.90

0.072

2.17

1.15–4.11

0.017

Phenylalanine

1.60

1.03–2.47

0.035

1.40

0.86–2.27

0.171

1.48

0.83–2.63

0.188

1.88

0.96–3.68

0.064

Tyrosine

1.51

0.98–2.32

0.060

1.30

0.82–2.08

0.269

1.33

0.76–2.32

0.324

1.63

0.84–3.13

0.146

Threonine

1.40

0.91–2.17

0.125

1.24

0.78–1.98

0.364

1.24

0.72–2.14

0.437

1.47

0.78–2.78

0.236

Tryptophan

1.53

0.99–2.37

0.057

1.28

0.80–2.06

0.302

1.30

0.75–2.26

0.354

1.55

0.81–2.96

0.185

Valine

1.55

1.01–2.38

0.043

1.38

0.86–2.22

0.179

1.44

0.82–2.54

0.207

1.79

0.94–3.44

0.078

Histidine

1.25

0.80–1.96

0.321

1.03

0.62–1.71

0.912

0.98

0.57–1.71

0.957

1.04

0.53–2.02

0.919

Arginine

1.55

1.00–2.41

0.050

1.36

0.85–2.17

0.201

1.39

0.82–2.34

0.220

1.69

0.91–3.16

0.099

Alanine

1.48

0.96–2.27

0.074

1.21

0.77–1.93

0.410

1.21

0.70–2.08

0.496

1.41

0.72–2.75

0.316

Aspartic acid

1.63

1.05–2.52

0.028

1.35

0.84–2.16

0.213

1.38

0.80–2.36

0.244

1.69

0.88–3.26

0.117

Glutamic acid

1.29

0.82–2.01

0.266

1.16

0.73–1.84

0.538

1.13

0.65–1.97

0.667

1.28

0.69–2.36

0.429

Glycine

1.43

0.92–2.24

0.112

1.12

0.70–1.78

0.639

1.08

0.63–1.86

0.780

1.22

0.64–2.33

0.547

Proline

1.61

1.05–2.49

0.031

1.52

0.96–2.39

0.072

1.58

0.94–2.63

0.082

1.86

1.07–3.23

0.027

Serine

1.80

1.17–2.77

0.008

1.52

0.95–2.45

0.081

1.68

0.93–3.01

0.084

2.21

1.14–4.29

0.019

Hydroxyproline

1.11

0.72–1.71

0.639

0.92

0.55–1.53

0.737

0.89

0.53–1.52

0.681

0.90

0.50–1.60

0.712

Short to moderate-sleep group (6–8 h, n = 446)

Isoleucine

1.35

0.94–1.95

0.109

1.28

0.86–1.91

0.226

1.41

0.89–2.24

0.141

1.46

0.89–2.37

0.131

Leucine

1.37

0.95–1.97

0.096

1.33

0.89–1.98

0.163

1.50

0.94–2.38

0.088

1.57

0.96–2.57

0.074

Lysine

1.31

0.91–1.88

0.149

1.28

0.85–1.91

0.236

1.37

0.88–2.14

0.163

1.43

0.88–2.34

0.153

Methionine

1.09

0.75–1.59

0.661

1.09

0.72–1.65

0.687

1.13

0.72–1.78

0.594

1.09

0.66–1.80

0.739

Cystine

1.23

0.85–1.79

0.268

1.13

0.76–1.69

0.554

1.20

0.75–1.91

0.446

1.15

0.71–1.89

0.568

Phenylalanine

1.41

0.98–2.03

0.067

1.34

0.90–1.99

0.157

1.52

0.95–2.41

0.080

1.59

0.97–2.61

0.069

Tyrosine

1.32

0.91–1.92

0.137

1.25

0.84–1.86

0.277

1.38

0.87–2.21

0.174

1.41

0.86–2.32

0.178

Threonine

1.29

0.89–1.87

0.171

1.24

0.83–1.85

0.293

1.35

0.86–2.14

0.196

1.39

0.84–2.28

0.199

Tryptophan

1.40

0.97–2.01

0.071

1.33

0.89–1.97

0.164

1.48

0.94–2.33

0.090

1.55

0.95–2.53

0.077

Valine

1.32

0.91–1.91

0.147

1.27

0.84–1.90

0.255

1.41

0.88–2.26

0.158

1.44

0.87–2.37

0.156

Histidine

1.13

0.78–1.64

0.508

1.12

0.75–1.68

0.582

1.17

0.75–1.84

0.492

1.14

0.70–1.86

0.601

Arginine

1.22

0.84–1.78

0.294

1.18

0.80–1.76

0.406

1.27

0.81–1.98

0.296

1.26

0.78–2.02

0.340

Alanine

1.40

0.97–2.03

0.075

1.36

0.91–2.02

0.134

1.49

0.96–2.32

0.076

1.59

0.99–2.57

0.056

Aspartic acid

1.25

0.87–1.81

0.225

1.15

0.77–1.72

0.491

1.22

0.77–1.92

0.391

1.20

0.73–1.97

0.464

Glutamic acid

1.14

0.78–1.65

0.499

1.02

0.67–1.54

0.935

1.05

0.65–1.69

0.856

0.98

0.60–1.58

0.925

Glycine

1.31

0.90–1.89

0.159

1.28

0.87–1.90

0.215

1.41

0.90–2.20

0.137

1.44

0.90–2.31

0.129

Proline

1.25

0.87–1.79

0.234

1.07

0.72–1.60

0.732

1.12

0.71–1.77

0.635

1.06

0.68–1.66

0.796

Serine

1.27

0.88–1.84

0.196

1.22

0.82–1.82

0.329

1.33

0.84–2.12

0.227

1.33

0.81–2.19

0.261

Hydroxyproline

1.21

0.85–1.75

0.293

1.34

0.90–1.99

0.146

1.38

0.92–2.07

0.122

1.39

0.90–2.14

0.137

  1. *ORs and 95% CIs of the low-intake groups of each amino acid intakes were shown, using the middle to high-intake groups of them as the references that performed using the generalized estimating equations
  2. Model 1: adjusted for sex, age (60–69 y/70–79 y/≥80 y), BMI (kg/m²), MMSE (score), CES-D (score), education (0–7 y/8–15 y/≥16 y), smoking status (current/not), employment status (yes/no), using of hypnotics, sedatives, or anxiolytics (yes/no), physical activity (MET-min/d), history of stroke, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus at baseline, and follow-up period (y)
  3. Model 2: adjusted for energy intake (kcal/d) in addition to the variables in model 1
  4. Model 3: adjusted for protein intake (g/d) in addition to the variables in model 1
  5. OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; CES-D, The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; MET, metabolic equivalents
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BMC Geriatrics

ISSN: 1471-2318

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