Table 2 Results from linear regression analyses for caregiver burden (RSS) (N = 415)

Individual context, informal caregiver

Gender: Male (ref. Female)

-3.9

[-6.2, -1.6]

0.001

0.0

[-1.4, 1.3]

0.955

0.00

0.000

Edu.: University (ref. High school or lower)

-1.5

[-3.7, 0.7]

0.179

1.1

[-0.2, 2.4]

0.109

0.05

0.002

Employment (ref. Full-time incl. studies)

Part-time incl. studies

2.5

[-1.5, 6.6]

0.222

-1.2

[-3.6, 1.2]

0.315

-0.03

0.001

Not working

3.2

[0.8, 5.7]

0.010

-0.3

[-2.2, 1.6]

0.742

-0.01

0.000

Economy (ref. Difficult)

Easy

-9.2

[-13.4, -5.1]

< 0.001

2.4

[-0.1, 4.8]

0.064

0.06

0.002

Do not know

0.9

[-9.7, 11.4]

0.872

1.1

[-4.9, 7.1]

0.718

0.01

0.000

Age (per 10 years)

0.2

[-0.7, 1.1]

0.687

-1.3

[-2.2, -0.3]

0.008

-0.13

0.005

Self-rated health

-4.0

[-5.1, -2.8]

< 0.001

-1.5

[-2.3, -0.7]

< 0.001

-0.12

0.010

Mental distress - PHQ4

3.0

[2.7, 3.4]

< 0.001

1.2

[0.9, 1.6]

< 0.001

0.26

0.035

Coping strategies

Giving up

2.8

[2.3, 3.3]

< 0.001

0.9

[0.5, 1.2]

< 0.001

0.15

0.014

Support

1.4

[1.0, 1.9]

< 0.001

0.6

[0.3, 0.9]

< 0.001

0.13

0.012

Humor

0.4

[-0.4, 1.2]

0.299

-0.7

[-1.2, -0.2]

0.006

-0.08

0.005

Religion

0.3

[-0.5, 1.1]

0.409

0.0

[-0.5, 0.5]

0.972

0.00

0.000

Substance use

4.1

[2.5, 5.7]

< 0.001

1.1

[0.2, 2.0]

0.021

0.07

0.004

Individual context, care recipient

Neuropsychiatric symptoms - NPIQ

1.1

[0.9, 1.2]

< 0.001

0.6

[0.5, 0.7]

< 0.001

0.31

0.067

Dementia severity - IQCODE

8.3

[6.0, 10.7]

< 0.001

2.4

[0.6, 4.3]

0.011

0.09

0.004

Disability - RDRS2

0.5

[0.4, 0.6]

< 0.001

0.2

[0.1, 0.2]

0.001

0.13

0.008

Relational context

ICG primary caregiver: No (ref. Yes)

-6.2

[-10.7, -1.8]

0.006

-4.5

[-7.2, -1.9]

0.001

-0.10

0.008

Relationship: Child or other (ref. Spouse/partner)*

-3.8

[-6.0, -1.6]

0.001

Cohabiting: No (ref. Yes)

-5.5

[-7.8, -3.3]

< 0.001

-2.2

[-4.7, 0.4]

0.094

-0.09

0.002

Previous relationship satisfaction

-2.6

[-3.8, -1.3]

< 0.001

-1.2

[-1.9, -0.5]

0.001

-0.09

0.007

Extent of care (ref. Once a week or less)

2–3 times a week

2.6

[-2.2, 7.4]

0.288

2.3

[-0.5, 5.1]

0.102

0.08

0.002

4–6 times a week

4.7

[-0.2, 9.6]

0.061

3.5

[0.7, 6.4]

0.016

0.11

0.004

Every day

10.6

[6.3, 14.8]

< 0.001

4.8

[1.9, 7.7]

0.001

0.20

0.007

Community context

ICG with friends (ref. Weekly)

Monthly

3.2

[0.6, 5.7]

0.015

0.9

[-0.6, 2.4]

0.245

0.04

0.001

Infrequent

7.1

[4.5, 9.8]

< 0.001

1.7

[0.0, 3.4]

0.052

0.07

0.003

ICG leisure activity

-0.8

[-1.2, -0.5]

< 0.001

0.3

[0.1, 0.6]

0.013

0.08

0.004

CR activity: Any activity (ref. No activity)

-7.0

[-9.7, -4.4]

< 0.001

-1.1

[-2.7, 0.6]

0.206

-0.04

0.001

ICG knowledge of services

-0.8

[-2.0, 0.4]

0.167

-1.1

[-1.8, -0.3]

0.006

-0.09

0.005

ICG social restriction

3.3

[2.5, 4.0]

< 0.001

1.1

[0.6, 1.6]

< 0.001

0.13

0.013

Time context

Caregiving duration (ref. 0-2y)

3-5y

3.1

[0.6, 5.5]

0.014

0.8

[-0.6, 2.2]

0.268

0.04

0.001

6y or more

3.4

[0.2, 6.7]

0.039

-0.5

[-2.4, 1.4]

0.588

-0.02

0.000

Overall regression statistics

R2

0.74

Adjusted R2

0.72

 F (31, 383)

34.62

p < 0.001