Table 1 Characteristic of the study population in NHANES 2007–2016
Variables | Total | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N (%) | 7052 (100) | 1763 (25.00) | 1764 (25.01) | 1762 (24.99) | 1763 (25.00) | ||
Age (years) | 62.76 ± 0.18 | 63.92 ± 0.29 | 62.43 ± 0.32 | 62.61 ± 0.30 | 62.09 ± 0.33 | < 0.0001* | |
Sex (%) | 0.01* | ||||||
Female | 3600 (51.05) | 852 (51.87) | 833 (49.59) | 928 (54.55) | 987 (57.67) | ||
Male | 3452 (48.95) | 911 (48.13) | 931 (50.41) | 834 (45.45) | 776 (42.33) | ||
Ethnicity/Race (%) | 0.003* | ||||||
Non-Hispanic White | 3378 (47.90) | 875 (77.71) | 904 (79.41) | 858 (77.76) | 741 (73.98) | ||
Non-Hispanic Black | 1442 (20.45) | 370 (9.19) | 321 (7.51) | 307 (7.33) | 444 (11.21) | ||
Mexican American | 952 (13.50) | 238 (4.53) | 232 (4.41) | 243 (4.96) | 239 (5.06) | ||
Other | 1280 (18.15) | 280 (8.58) | 307 (8.67) | 354 (9.95) | 339 (9.75) | ||
Education (%) | 0.04* | ||||||
Less than high school | 1020 (14.46) | 254 (6.53) | 260 (6.35) | 248 (6.68) | 258 (7.32) | ||
High school or equivalent | 2737 (38.81) | 728 (39.37) | 658 (33.75) | 684 (33.79) | 667 (33.43) | ||
College or above | 3295 (46.72) | 781 (54.10) | 846 (59.90) | 830 (59.54) | 838 (59.25) | ||
Smoke Status (%) | 0.04* | ||||||
Never | 3192 (45.26) | 725 (41.47) | 757 (44.19) | 831 (46.18) | 879 (48.78) | ||
Former | 2464 (34.94) | 661 (38.84) | 646 (37.79) | 602 (35.79) | 555 (32.12) | ||
Now | 1396 (19.80) | 377 (19.69) | 361 (18.02) | 329 (18.03) | 329 (19.10) | ||
Alcohol Use (%) | 0.004* | ||||||
Never | 1105 (15.67) | 220 (9.26) | 285 (13.41) | 275 (11.59) | 325 (13.73) | ||
Mild | 2474 (35.08) | 610 (39.93) | 607 (40.00) | 651 (41.68) | 606 (42.85) | ||
Moderate | 810 (11.49) | 224 (14.94) | 207 (13.30) | 199 (13.51) | 180 (11.10) | ||
Heavy | 797 (11.30) | 219 (11.47) | 216 (12.37) | 200 (11.84) | 162 (7.66) | ||
Former | 1866 (26.46) | 490 (24.40) | 449 (20.91) | 437 (21.38) | 490 (24.64) | ||
Frailty (%) | 0.004* | ||||||
Non-Frailty | 4498 (63.78) | 1017 (63.86) | 1155 (70.68) | 1188 (70.77) | 1138 (69.08) | ||
Frailty | 2554 (36.22) | 746 (36.14) | 609 (29.32) | 574 (29.23) | 625 (30.92) | ||
Family income to poverty ratio (%) | 0.5 | ||||||
<1.3 | 2487 (35.27) | 627 (21.80) | 631 (21.99) | 611 (21.24) | 618 (23.63) | ||
1.3–3.5 | 2623 (37.20) | 661 (37.55) | 627 (34.55) | 659 (36.57) | 676 (36.88) | ||
≥3.5 | 1942 (27.54) | 475 (40.64) | 506 (43.46) | 492 (42.19) | 469 (39.49) | ||