Table 1 Details of included studies
From: Traumatic life events and risk for dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Author (year) country | Study Type Recruitment | Sample at baseline (female %) | Type of Trauma | Trauma assessment/ diagnostic criteria | Dementia assessment/ diagnostic criteria | Follow up years | Effect estimate | Variables adjusted for | Quality Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cations et al., (2020) Australia | Prospective Cohort Australian Medicare Database | Female general population N = 12,432 (100) Mean age = 72.6 | Intimate Partner Violence | Self-report Questionnaires | Insurance Records Self-report Questionnaires Does not specify framework | 21 | HR: 1.02, 95% CI 0.89–1.17 | Competing risk of mortality; age; SES; BMI; psychological well-being; physical functioning; social support | 7 |
Kodesh et al., (2019) Israel | Retrospective Cohort Meuhedet Healthcare Services Data Registry | General Population N = 51,752 (54.0) Mean age = 60.4 | Holocaust Survival | Holocaust Survivors Rights Authority at the Ministry of Finance | Meuhedet Dementia registry ICD 9 ICD 10 | 10 | h: 1.21, 95% CI 1.15–1.28 | Age; sex; SES; obesity; diabetes; cancer; delirium; vitamin deficiencies; concussion; migraine; depression; PTSD; sleep disorders; pain disorders; schizophrenia | 8 |
Meziab et al., (2014) USA | Retrospective Cohort Veterans Health Administration National Patient Care Database | Veterans N = 182, 879 Gender not specified Mean age: POW = 77 Mean age non-POW = 68 | Prisoner of War (POW) | Medical records | Medical records ICD 9 ICD 10 | 9 | h: 1.61, 95% CI 1.30–1.98 | Competing risk of mortality; age; education; income; hypertension; diabetes; myocardial infarction; cerebrovascular disease; peripheral vascular disease; chronic pulmonary disease; renal disease; major depressive disorder; period of service | 8 |
Nilaweera et al., (2020) France | Prospective Cohort Electoral rolls of the Montpellier district | General population N = 1700 (59.0) Mean age = 72.6 | Non-Specific Traumatic Event | French self-report version of the Watson’s PTSD Inventory DSM IV | MMSE Isaac’s Set Test Benton’s Visual Retention Test Trail Making Tests A and B DSM-IV NINCDS/ADRDA | 14 | HR:1.06, 95% CI 0.77–1.58 | Age; sex; education; global cognition; morbidity; depression | 9 |
Radford et al., (2019) Australia | Cross-Sectional Snowball sampling 62% of the total Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population aged > 60 years Five catchment areas in New South Wales | Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians N = 336 (59.8) Mean age = 66.7 | Childhood trauma | Childhood Trauma Questionnaire | Comprehensive medical assessment NINCDS/ADRDA DSM-IV | 2 | OR:1.63, 95% CI 1.11–2.39 | Age; sex; education; urban regional location | 8 |
Ravona-Springer et al., (2011) Israel | Retrospective Cohort Israeli Ischemic Heart Disease (IIHD) Project Population based study Stratified sampling of tenured civil servants and municipal employees 86.2% participation rate | Male civil servants and municipal employees N = 10,059 (0.0) Mean age = 50.3 | Holocaust/ Concentration Camp Survival | Interview | Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status Dementia Questionnaire MMSE Global Deterioration Scale Hachinski Ischemic Scale DSM-IV | Range = 36 to 37 | OR: 0.93, 95% CI 0.58–1.49 | Age; SES; diabetes; coronary heart disease; lung disease; kidney disease; height | 7 |
Tani et al., (2020) Japan | Prospective Cohort Study The Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study Cohort Population Based study 24 municipalities throughout Japan 71% response rate | General population N = 17,412 (53.3) Mean age = 73.5 | Childhood trauma | Adverse childhood experience questionnaire for older Japanese people | Japan’s public long-term care insurance registry Standardized in-home assessment and medical examination Does not specify framework | Mean = 3.2 Range = 2.4 to 3.3 | h:1.78, 95% CI 1.15–2.75 (3 or more childhood adverse experiences) | Age; sex; childhood economic hardship; height; education; hypertension; diabetes; stroke; heart disease; annual income; longest occupation; marital status; frequency of meeting friends; social participation; employment status; smoking; BMI; depressive symptoms; hearing loss | 7 |