Table 3 Prevalence of chronic diseases by linguistic group—(N = 510,685)

Level of multimorbidity

 2 + diseases

375,849

91.8

11,003

92.4

83,527

93.6

470,379

92.1

 3 + diseases

325,253

79.4

9,636

80.9

74,011

83.0

408,900

80.1

 4 + diseases

254,230

62.1

7,650

64.2

58,565

65.7

320,445

62.7

 5 + diseases

178,007

43.5

5,426

45.6

41,248

46.2

224,681

44.0

 Charlson index score (mean-SD)

1.62

2.04

1.64

1.96

1.56

1.91

1.63

1.87

Prevalence of chronic diseases

 AMI

6,822

1.7

226

1.9

1,370

1.5

8,418

1.6

 Arrhythmia

87,225

21.3

2,350

19.7

20,564

23.1

110,139

21.6

 Asthma

74,941

18.3

2,352

19.8

16,694

18.7

93,987

18.4

 Cancer

134,630

32.9

2,854

24.0

21,011

23.6

158,495

31.0

 Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

92,830

22.7

3,052

25.6

22,301

25.0

118,183

23.1

 COPD

82,749

20.2

3,258

27.4

12,227

13.7

98,234

19.2

 Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)

142,916

34.9

4,617

38.8

32,825

36.8

180,358

35.3

 Dementia

64,013

15.6

2,185

18.4

17,035

19.1

83,233

16.3

 Diabetes

142,894

34.9

4,624

38.8

40,408

45.3

187,926

36.8

 Hypertension

306,181

74.8

9,201

77.3

74,222

83.2

389,604

76.3

 Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

5,553

1.4

113

1.0

461

0.5

6,127

1.2

 Other mental health conditions

39,790

9.7

1,060

8.9

6,843

7.7

47,693

9.3

 Non-psych. mood & anxiety dis

89,229

21.8

2,634

22.1

17,030

19.1

108,893

21.3

 Osteoarthritis

290,286

70.9

8,502

71.4

65,248

73.2

364,036

71.3

 Osteoporosis

55,145

13.5

1,433

12.0

15,794

17.7

72,372

14.2

 Renal disease

67,734

16.5

1,950

16.4

15,571

17.5

85,255

16.7

 Rheumatoid arthritis

16,386

4.0

497

4.2

2,830

3.2

19,713

3.9

 Stroke

55,090

13.5

1,502

12.6

13,215

14.8

69,807

13.7