Review articles (Meta-Analyses) effects of walking on cognitive function in individuals with mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 2 Overview of GRADE results for group comparisons concerning intervention with walking

Outcomes	Risk of bias	Inconsistency	Imprecision	Publication bias	SMD or MD (95% CI)	Number of participants (Walking vs. Control)/Studies					Quality of the evidence (GRADE)
Global cognitive function	S^a	Ns	S^b	Ns	SMD = -0.09 (-0.40 to 0.23)	75	78				⨁⨁◯◯ LOW
Global cognitive function	S^a	Ns	S^b	Ns	SMD = -0.09 (-0.40 to 0.23)	(Four studies)					⨁⨁◯◯ LOW
Verbal learning	Ns	Ns	Ns	Ns	MD = -0.08 (-0.53 to 0.37)	105		103			⨁⨁⨁⨁ HIGH
Verbal learning	Ns	Ns	Ns	Ns	MD = -0.08 (-0.53 to 0.37)	(Three studies)					⨁⨁⨁⨁ HIGH
Processing Speed	Ns	Ns	S^b	Ns	MD = 1.05 (-0.64 to 2.74)	85				81	⨁⨁⨁◯ MODERATE
Processing Speed	Ns	Ns	S^b	Ns	MD = 1.05 (-0.64 to 2.74)	(Two studies)					⨁⨁⨁◯ MODERATE
Walking endurance	S^a	Ns	S^b	Ns	MD = 23.70 (6.12 to 41.28)	76			73		⨁⨁◯◯ LOW
Walking endurance	S^a	Ns	S^b	Ns	MD = 23.70 (6.12 to 41.28)	(Three studies)					⨁⨁◯◯ LOW

ISSN: 1471-2318