Table 2 Odds ratio and 95% Confidence interval from logistic regression models examining factors associated with unmet healthcare need among older Korean adults (n = 1,917)

Sex

Male

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Female

0.99

(0.66–1.48)

0.70

(0.43–1.14)

0.96

(0.54–1.73)

Age (years)

65-69

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

70-74

0.67

(0.38–1.18)

0.74

(0.36–1.52)

0.52

(0.23–1.17)

75+

0.69

(0.40–1.19)

0.57

(0.28–1.18)

0.85

(0.40–1.81)

Marital status

With spouse

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

No spouse

1.07

(0.69–1.68)

1.16

(0.68–1.97)

0.77

(0.40–1.50)

Employment

Employed

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Unemployed

1.34

(0.83–2.17)

2.33^*

(1.11–4.87)

1.11

(0.58–2.11)

Education

Below middle school

1.90^*

(1.16–3.10)

2.34^**

(1.27–4.29)

2.68^*

(1.25–5.75)

Middle school or above

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Income^†

Low

0.64

(0.39–1.04)

0.60

(0.33–1.09)

0.47^*

(0.23–0.97)

Middle

0.60

(0.36–1.01)

0.66

(0.33–1.34)

0.63

(0.33–1.22)

High

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Residence

Urban

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Rural

0.88

(0.60–1.28)

0.87

(0.52–1.46)

0.95

(0.59–1.52)

Self-rated health

Good

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Bad

1.41

(0.91–2.18)

1.25

(0.77–2.03)

1.63

(0.83–3.21)

Chronic condition

None

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

1

1.72^*

(1.06–2.79)

13.54^***

(4.13–44.42)

0.68

(0.35–1.33)

2 or more

1.60

(0.95–2.68)

13.99^***

(4.17-47.00)

0.53

(0.25–1.11)

Psychological health issues

Increased anxiety & nervousness

3.10^***

(1.67–5.73)

1.69

(0.83–3.43)

4.91^***

(2.41–9.99)

More sadness & depression

0.43^*

(0.20–0.92)

0.80

(0.36–1.79)

0.21^**

(0.08–0.57)

Greater difficulty sleeping

2.01^*

(1.12–3.59)

1.34

(0.67–2.68)

2.35^*

(1.06–5.21)

Social activity

Less shopping

3.42^***

(2.03–5.76)

2.20^*

(1.17–4.14)

3.31^***

(1.76–6.23)

Less walking

0.26^***

(0.17–0.39)

0.41^***

(0.25–0.68)

0.20^***

(0.11–0.38)

Less gathering

0.10^***

(0.05–0.18)

0.46

(0.19–1.08)

0.07^***

(0.04–0.14)

Less visits to family members

4.86^***

(2.33–10.12)

2.19

(0.83–5.79)

4.39^***

(2.04–9.47)

Decreased income

Yes

1.66^*

(1.09–2.52)

1.69

(0.99–2.91)

1.46

(0.83–2.54)

Understanding of the healthcare system

Good

0.39^***

(0.25–0.61)

0.36^***

(0.20–0.63)

0.41^**

(0.23–0.75)

Trust of the healthcare system

Good

1.39

(0.86–2.25)

1.38

(0.73–2.58)

1.40

(0.72–2.75)

Satisfaction of the healthcare system

Good

0.86

(0.53–1.39)

1.16

(0.59–2.26)

0.72

(0.39–1.34)