Table 1 Endpoints and measurement tools for the primary target group

Incipient falls

STRATIFY instrument (St. Thomas’s risk assessment tool in falling elderly inpatients) [39]

• Includes five items / risk factors

• Confirmed validity and reliability [40]

• Quantitative method, third-party assessment

Tinetti Test [41]

• Includes 17 items

• Confirmed validity and reliability [42]

• Quantitative method, third-party assessment

Extrinsic and intrinsic risk factors for the residents

• based on and correlating with the national expert standard on incontinence of the German Network for quality standards in care-giving (DNQP) [11]

Analysis of fall records

• Documentation through the nursing facility is mandatory

• Provides important information about occurring falls and possible consequences of falls

Secondary endpoints

Measurement tools

Cognitive ability

Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) [36]

• Consists of five categories with a total of 11 items

• Confirmed validity and reliability

• Used for stratification

• Quantitative method, self-reported scale

Quality of life

Quality of life in elders with multimorbidity (FLQM) [43]

• Consists of three items

• Confirmed validity and reliability

• Qualitative and quantitative method, self-reported or third-party assessment scale

Sleep quality and disruptions of sleep

Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) developed by [44], German version based on [45]

• Includes 1 item

• Not yet validated for older people or geriatric patients

• Quantitative method, self-reported or third-party assessment

Richard Campbells Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ)

• Consists of 5 items

• Quantitative method, self-reported or third-party assessment

Consumption of incontinence materials

Complete documentation of material usage

General health

Analysis of the nursing documentation for incipient chronic diseases & changes in the severity of existing diseases