Table 4 Recommendations for Future Research

• Include a control group (Bitas et al., 2019)

• Include participants of diverse ages in evaluations (e.g., ‘the oldest-old’) (Bitas et al., 2019), to help determine who would benefit from services the most (Greene et al., 2020), include comprehensive geriatric assessments (Bitas et al., 2019; Levett et al., 2020)

• Use Delphi approaches to gain consensus on how issues of ageing should best be addressed in the context of HIV (Cresswell et al., 2017)

• Identify strategies for ensuring funding within the context of model spread and sustainability, including differences that exist in single-payer systems compared to multi-payer systems (Davis et al., 2022; Schmalzle et al., 2022)

• Include more patient-reported outcomes, including self-reports of health (Greene et al., 2018; 2020) and the perspectives of surrogate decision-makers (Schmalzle et al., 2022)

• Explore implementation differences in urban and rural settings (Greene et al., 2020)

• Conduct analyses of symptom relief, such as, depressive symptom relief over longer-term follow-up (e.g., 4-month and 8-month follow-up) (Heckman et al., 2010; 2017)

• Include outcomes related to mobidity and mortality in studies (Ruiz et al., 2010)

• Explore opportunities to foster collaboration with local governments, insurers, and foundations to co-develop and test novel programs (Seigler et al., 2018)