Table 3 Therapeutic effects on physical and mental functions before and after the different cardiac rehabilitation programmes
|  | Pre-Remote CR | Post-Remote CR |  | Pre-Hospital CR | Post-Hospital CR |  |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | p-value | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | p-value | |
CPX | ||||||
 Peak VO2 (ml/min/kg) | 12.0 ± 2.7 | 14.9 ± 3.9 | p < 0.05 | 11.4 ± 2.8 | 12.2 ± 2.9 | p = 0.09 |
 VT V-slope (ml/min/kg) | 8.9 ± 2.0 | 10.0 ± 2.5 | p < 0.05 | 9.1 ± 2.5 | 9.5 ± 2.5 | p = 0.40 |
 VT trend (m//min/kg) | 8.6 ± 1.6 | 10.0 ± 2.6 | p < 0.05 | 8.5 ± 2.2 | 9.4 ± 2.5 | p = 0.32 |
 Peak watt | 59.7 ± 17.8 | 78.0 ± 20.7 | p < 0.001 | 56.3 ± 23.7 | 61.1 ± 21.6 | p = 0.07 |
 Peak R | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | p = 0.22 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 1.08 ± 0.08 | p = 0.53 |
 VE vs VCO2 | 31.6 ± 6.4 | 32.4 ± 5.3 | p = 0.97 | 33.5 ± 6.9 | 40.8 ± 31.4 | p = 0.33 |
 R Knee joint extension muscle strength (kgf) | 21.1 ± 9.2 | 30.2 ± 10.3 | p < 0.001 | 20.3 ± 6.4 | 25.9 ± 6.5 | p < 0.001 |
 6MWD (m) | 327.5 ± 105.9 | 413.1 ± 110 | p < 0.05 | 298.3 ± 99.7 | 335 ± 94.2 | p < 0.05 |
 R Grip strength (kg) | 24.1 ± 7.8 | 26.5 ± 8.2 | p < 0.05 | 21.4 ± 6.4 | 22.3 ± 6.8 | p = 0.13 |
WHOQOL-BREF | ||||||
 Physical Health (point) | 20.3 ± 4.5 | 25.2 ± 3.7 | p < 0.001 | 20.1 ± 4.7 | 24.1 ± 5.8 | p = 0.21 |
 Psychological health (point) | 17.1 ± 3.4 | 21.0 ± 3.1 | p < 0.05 | 16.3 ± 3.5 | 20.1 ± 3.8 | p = 0.20 |
 Social relationships (point) | 10.0 ± 1.9 | 10.6 ± 1.8 | p = 0.13 | 8.2 ± 3.0 | 10.0 ± 2.3 | p < 0.05 |
 Environment (point) | 25.5 ± 4.1 | 29.6 ± 4.0 | p < 0.05 | 22.5 ± 5.2 | 27.8 ± 6.6 | p < 0.001 |
 Total (point) | 77.4 ± 12.9 | 93.9 ± 12.9 | p < 0.001 | 71.7 ± 16.4 | 88.0 ± 18.7 | p < 0.001 |
WHODAS2.0-J | ||||||
 Cognition (point) | 10.0 ± 11.25 | 6.8 ± 10.6 | p = 0.23 | 16.7 ± 30.0 | 20.0 ± 28.4 | p = 0.30 |
 Mobility (point) | 21.4 ± 21.2 | 16.4 ± 15.4 | p = 0.41 | 17.0 ± 20.2 | 22.4 ± 24.0 | p = 0.23 |
 Self-care (point) | 13.1 ± 24.4 | 0.63 ± 2.5 | p = 0.06 | 12.8 ± 19.7 | 11.4 ± 19.9 | p = 0.54 |
 Social interactions (point) | 22.3 ± 21.2 | 15.5 ± 14.8 | p = 0.16 | 22.7 ± 20.2 | 24.4 ± 20.0 | p = 0.56 |
 Life activities (point) | 36.8 ± 27.0 | 21.8 ± 17.2 | P = 0.10 | 26.0 ± 25.8 | 27.3 ± 28.1 | p = 0.63 |
 Participation (point) | 28.6 ± 22.7 | 13.5 ± 11.8 | p < 0.05 | 24.4 ± 25.7 | 24.1 ± 29.1 | p = 0.93 |
 Total (point) | 21.6 ± 14.3 | 12.3 ± 7.4 | p < 0.05 | 19.3 ± 21.8 | 21.5 ± 23.0 | p = 0.31 |