Table 2 Between group treatment effects (Δ)

ΔPeak VO₂ (ml/min/kg)

2.8 ± 3.0

0.84 ± 1.82

p < 0.02

ΔVT trend (ml/min/kg)

1.44 ± 1.77

0.95 ± 1.65

p = 0.17

ΔR Knee joint extension muscle strength (kgf)

9.1 ± 4.1

5.6 ± 4.6

p < 0.03

Δ6MWD (m)

94.1 ± 88.8

36.6 ± 41.3

p < 0.02

WHOQOL-BREF

 ΔPhysical Health (point)

5.6 ± 5.7

3.0 ± 4.1

p = 0.15

 ΔPsychological (point)

4.6 ± 5.5

2.67 ± 3.9

p = 0.25

 ΔSocial relationships (point)

0.6 ± 1.6

2.67 ± 2.6

p = 0.19

 ΔEnvironment (point)

0.6 ± 1.6

1.67 ± 2.6

p = 0.19

 ΔTotal (point)

18.3 ± 14.7

10.53 ± 14.3

p = 0.14

WHODAS2.0-J

 ΔCognition (point)

 − 3.1 ± 9.9

3.6 ± 13.4

p = 0.11

 ΔMobility (point)

 − 5.0 ± 24.2

5.4 ± 17.0

p = 0.17

 ΔSelf-care (point)

 − 12.5 ± 24.9

 − 1.3 ± 8.3

p = 0.10

 ΔSocial interactions (point)

 − 6.7 ± 18.5

1.6 ± 10.9

p = 0.13

 ΔLife activities (point)

 − 15.0 ± 34.2

1.3 ± 10.6

p = 0.08

 ΔParticipation (point)

 − 15.1 ± 24.9

 − 0.2 ± 11.8

p < 0.05

 ΔTotal (point)

 − 6.8 ± 16.7

2.1 ± 8.0

p = 0.06