Table 5 Characteristics comparison across females judged frail by either method only or by both^a

Age (years), mean (std)

73.9 (6.4)

76.7 (7.0)

76.3 (6.0)

 < 0.001

Education (years), mean (std)

12.2 (4.4)

12.0 (5.1)

12.2 (4.9)

0.950

MMSE, mean (std)

88.5 (7.0)

81.9 (13.0)

85.5 (9.3)

 < 0.001

# of disease*, mean (std)

2.0 (1.4)

1.5 (1.3)

2.1 (1.4)

0.004

Body Mass Index, mean (std)

29.5 (6.5)

26.1 (5.6)

27.3 (7.1)

 < 0.001

Race(black), n (%)

46 (18.9)

43 (43.9)

56 (25.7)

 < 0.001

Marriage, n (%)

0.013

 Married

125 (51.2)

35 (35.7)

83 (38.1)

 Widowed

94 (38.5)

47 (48.0)

97 (44.5)

 Separated/divorced/never married

25 (10.3)

16 (16.3)

38 (17.4)

# of depressive symptoms, mean (std)

8.8 (5.6)

6.8 (5.3)

10.3 (6.0)

 < 0.001

Income

0.038

  < $16,000

137 (60.1)

68 (74.7)

134 (68.0)

 $16,000–35,000

66 (29.0)

12 (13.2)

41 (20.8)

  > $35,000

25 (11.0)

11 (12.1)

22 (11.2)

Health status, n (%)

 < 0.001

 excellent

7 (2.9)

3 (3.1)

6 (2.8)

 very good

23 (9.4)

15 (15.5)

18 (8.3)

 good

62 (25.8)

33 (34.0)

44 (20.2)

 fair

113 (46.3)

41 (42.3)

93 (42.7)

 poor

38 (15.6)

5 (5.2)

57 (26.2)

Cancer, n (%)

48 (19.7)

10 (10.2)

38 (17.4)

0.109

Congestive heart failure, n (%)

23 (9.4)

9 (9.2)

31 (14.2)

0.206

Myocardial infarction, n (%)

26 (10.7)

8 (8.2)

21 (9.6)

0.777

Coronary heart disease, n (%)

69 (28.3)

19 (19.4)

65 (29.8)

0.142

Rheumatoid arthritis, n (%)

188 (78.0)

62 (63.9)

172 (81.5)

0.008

Diabetics, n (%)

88 (36.4)

32 (33.3)

77 (36.7)

0.835

Angina, n (%)

64 (26.2)

16 (16.3)

57 (26.2)

0.119