Table 1 Participant characteristics
Items | All |  | DS group | Non-DS group | p—Value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 187 | Min. max.range | n = 49 | n = 138 | ||||||||
Age (years) | 75.5 |  ±  | 5.5 | [65–97] | 75.4 |  ±  | 5.8 | 75.6 |  ±  | 5.5 | 0.806 |
Sex(Female(%)) | 144 | (77.0) | - | 38 | (77.6) | 106 | (76.8) | 0.543 | |||
Height (cm) | 154.1 |  ±  | 8.1 | [140.0–178.0] | 155.2 |  ±  | 7.2 | 153.7 |  ±  | 8.3 | 0.749 |
Weight(kg) | 53.6 |  ±  | 9.2 | [35.4–83.0] | 54.3 |  ±  | 11.1 | 53.4 |  ±  | 8.6 | 0.441 |
GLFS 25 (point) | 7.9 |  ±  | 6.7 | [0–47] | 8.7 |  ±  | 7.9 | 7.6 |  ±  | 6.1 | 0.345 |
SMI (kg/m2) | 6.06 |  ±  | 0.93 | [4.2–8.3] | 6.08 |  ±  | 0.99 | 6.05 |  ±  | 0.92 | 0.867 |
Grip strength (kg) | 23.8 |  ±  | 6.7 | [10.0–50.0] | 23.6 |  ±  | 7.0 | 23.8 |  ±  | 6.6 | 0.821 |
Gait speed (m/s) | 1.30 |  ±  | 0.25 | [0.83–1.82] | 1.31 |  ±  | 0.20 | 1.30 |  ±  | 0.19 | 0.625 |
Number of medications | 2.5 |  ±  | 2.5 | [0–12] | 3.1 |  ±  | 2.4 | 2.2 |  ±  | 2.40 | 0.034 |
GDS (point) | 3.0 |  ±  | 2.3 | [0–9] | 6.3 |  ±  | 1.3 | 1.9 |  ±  | 1.30 | 0.000 |
MMSE (point) | 28.8 |  ±  | 1.6 | [23-30] | 28.5 |  ±  | 1.8 | 28.9 |  ±  | 1.5 | 0.157 |