Table 1 Characteristics of included studies
From: A qualitative meta-synthesis of patient dignity from the perspective of caregivers
Study | Aim | Demographic | Methods | Â | Results | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | sample | Methodology | Data collection | Data analysis | ||||
Kalis et al. 2005 [32] | Perspective of a good life | 10 | Caregivers | Grounded theory | Observation, unstructured interviews, focus-group, individual interview | Content analysis | Category1:peace and quiet Category2:going along with subjective experience Category3:no enforcement | |
Anderson et al. 2021[33] | Concept of dignity | 9 | Family caregivers | Qualitative descriptive study | A purposive sample of blogs | Content analysis | Category1:perceived value from others Category2:self in relation to others Category3:behavioral respect, and self-value | |
Tehranineshat et al. 2020[34] | Experiences and perceptions of patient dignity | 8 | Family caregivers | Descriptive phenomenological approach | Semi-structured, in- depth interviews | Content analysis | Category1:a peaceful environment Category2:respect Category3:comprehensive support | |
Gharibian et al. 2015[35] | The perspectives of quality of life | 19 | Family caregivers and care staff | Grounded theory | Unstructured interviews | Glaser & Strauss classic grounded theory | Theme1:maintaining family connectedness Theme2:engaging in worthwhile activities Theme3:maintaining and developing significant relationships Theme4:holding and practicing spiritual beliefs | |
Melin-Johansson et al. 2007[36] | Perceptions about terminally ill family members | 4 | Caregivers | Qualitative descriptive study | Semi-structured interviews | Content analysis | Category1:living a normal life Category2:being relieved from burdens Category3:having a sense of belonging Category4:being a symbol of incurable illness Category5:haiving a sense of dignity | |
NĂĄden et al. 2013 [20] | Knowledge about maintaining dignity in nursing homes | 28 | Family caregivers | Phenomenological hermeneutic method | Semi-structured interviews, individual interview | Hermeneutics analysis | Theme: A feeling of being abandoned Subtheme1:deprived of the feeling of belonging Subtheme2:deprived of dignity due to acts of omission, deprived of confirmation Subtheme3:deprived of dignity due to physical humiliation, Subtheme4:deprived of dignity due to psychological humiliation Subtheme5:deprived of parts of life | |
Caspari et al. 2014[37] | Experience of nursing home residents’ dignity | 28 | Relatives | Phenomenological hermeneutic method | Semi-structured interviews, individual interview | Hermeneutics analysis | Theme1:to have a comfortable, homely and practical room Theme2:to have close contact with family, friends and with the staff Theme3:to have aesthetic needs and concerns attended to Theme4:to have ethical needs and intrinsic values attended to Theme5:to have cultural and spiritual needs and concerns attended to | |
Rehnsfeldt et al. 2014)[38] | The meaning of dignity in nursing home | 28 | Relatives | Hermeneutic Epistemology | In-depth interviews | Hermeneutics analysis | Theme1:dignity as at-home-ness, dignity Theme2:the little extra. Theme3:nondignifying ethical context | |
Lou et al. 2021 [39] | The meaning of dignity | 31 | Caregivers | Descriptive phenomenological approach | Semi-structured interviews, group interviews | Content analysis | Theme1:illness related concerns Theme2:dignity conserving repertoire Theme3:social dignity inventory | |