Table 5 Path Coefficients for the Mediation Models for Men (N = 2,000) and Women (N = 2,000)

Regressions

housework→ survival

226.63

0.11

< 0.001

[137.03, 316.23]

236.46

0.18

< 0.001

[188.28, 284.65]

housework → cognitive

-0.03

− 0.01

0.688

[-0.16, 0.11]

0.06

0.04

0.033

[0, 0.12]

housework → physical

0.58

0.05

0.046

[0.01, 1.15]

0.55

0.07

0.001

[0.21, 0.88]

housework → mental

0.48

0.04

0.065

[-0.03, 0.98]

0.30

0.04

0.050

[0, 0.6]

cognitive → survival

223.44

0.37

< 0.001

[194.86, 252.02]

129.72

0.13

< 0.001

[93.67, 165.76]

physical → survival

16.58

0.10

< 0.001

[9.75, 23.4]

34.00

0.19

< 0.001

[27.9, 40.11]

mental → survival

24.88

0.14

< 0.001

[17.39, 32.36]

5.21

0.03

0.137

[-1.65, 12.08]

(Regressions on covariates)

age → survival

-17.11

− 0.07

0.008

[-29.68, -4.53]

-123.20

− 0.46

< 0.001

[-132.99, -113.42]

education → survival

15.15

0.02

0.562

[-36.06, 66.35]

50.30

0.06

0.001

[20.33, 80.26]

marital → survival

485.99

0.17

< 0.001

[337.5, 634.47]

581.47

0.14

< 0.001

[409.1, 753.84]

living status → survival

290.71

0.08

0.001

[124.07, 457.36]

85.29

0.02

0.443

[-132.55, 303.13]

social status → survival

53.71

0.08

< 0.001

[23.7, 83.71]

-20.29

− 0.03

0.115

[-45.54, 4.96]

age → cognitive

-0.09

− 0.21

< 0.001

[-0.11, -0.07]

-0.06

− 0.22

< 0.001

[-0.07, -0.05]

education → cognitive

0.57

0.34

< 0.001

[0.5, 0.64]

0.24

0.30

< 0.001

[0.2, 0.27]

marital → cognitive

0.35

0.08

0.002

[0.13, 0.58]

-0.05

− 0.01

0.650

[-0.26, 0.16]

living status → cognitive

-0.10

− 0.02

0.467

[-0.36, 0.17]

0.17

0.03

0.198

[-0.09, 0.44]

social status → cognitive

-0.16

− 0.14

< 0.001

[-0.21, -0.12]

-0.02

− 0.03

0.223

[-0.05, 0.01]

age → physical

-0.07

− 0.04

0.092

[-0.15, 0.01]

-0.10

− 0.07

0.004

[-0.17, -0.03]

education → physical

0.42

0.07

0.004

[0.14, 0.7]

0.09

0.02

0.402

[-0.11, 0.29]

marital → physical

-0.56

− 0.03

0.243

[-1.51, 0.38]

-0.20

− 0.01

0.754

[-1.46, 1.06]

living status → physical

-0.78

− 0.04

0.170

[-1.89, 0.33]

0.90

0.03

0.261

[-0.67, 2.48]

social status → physical

0.25

0.06

0.009

[0.06, 0.44]

0.55

0.14

< 0.001

[0.38, 0.73]

age → mental

0.10

0.07

0.004

[0.03, 0.17]

0.07

0.06

0.016

[0.01, 0.14]

education → mental

0.17

0.03

0.176

[-0.08, 0.43]

0.28

0.07

0.002

[0.1, 0.46]

marital → mental

0.17

0.01

0.687

[-0.67, 1.02]

0.22

0.01

0.708

[-0.91, 1.34]

living status → mental

0.92

0.05

0.070

[-0.07, 1.9]

0.93

0.04

0.197

[-0.48, 2.35]

social status → mental

0.33

0.09

< 0.001

[0.16, 0.49]

0.24

0.07

0.003

[0.08, 0.4]

Indirect effects

housework → cognitive→ survival

-6.19

-

0.688

[-19.22, 49.70]

7.96

-

0.041

[0.31, 15.60]

housework → physical → survival

9.58

-

0.066

[-0.63, 19.79]

18.62

-

0.002

[6.75, 30.49]

housework → mental → survival

11.85

-

0.076

[-1.25, 24.94]

1.56

-

0.236

[-1.02, 4.15]

overall indirect effect

15.24

-

0.386

[-19.22, 49.70]

28.14

-

< 0.001

[13.84, 42.45]

Total effect (housework → survival)

241.87

-

< 0.001

[146.17, 337.57]

264.61

-

< 0.001

[214.72, 314.49]