Table 4 Path Coefficients for the Multiple Parallel Mediation Models (N = 4,000)

Regressions

housework→ survival

183.43

0.13

< 0.001

[147.86, 219.00]

254.50

0.17

< 0.001

[211.88, 297.12]

housework → cognitive

0.02

0.01

0.642

[-0.05, 0.08]

0.03

0.01

0.424

[-0.05, 0.11]

housework → physical

0.53

0.05

< 0.001

[0.23, 0.83]

0.51

0.05

0.006

[0.14, 0.87]

housework → mental

0.34

0.04

0.012

[0.08, 0.61]

0.29

0.03

0.077

[-0.03, 0.61]

cognitive → survival

80.66

0.14

< 0.001

[63.54, 97.77]

214.06

0.34

< 0.001

[182.93, 245.19]

physical → survival

19.94

0.14

< 0.001

[16.24, 23.64]

22.30

0.15

< 0.001

[16.9, 27.7]

mental → survival

7.45

0.05

< 0.001

[3.31, 11.59]

11.90

0.07

< 0.001

[5.84, 17.96]

(Regressions on covariates)

age → survival

-104.57

− 0.45

< 0.001

[-110.85, -98.29]

-112.53

− 0.46

< 0.001

[-118.84, -106.23]

sex → survival

978.75

0.41

< 0.001

[904.85, 1052.65]

490.41

0.19

< 0.001

[418.05, 562.78]

education → survival

54.00

0.07

< 0.001

[32.5, 75.49]

12.48

0.02

0.251

[-8.82, 33.78]

marital → survival

233.94

0.09

< 0.001

[145.53, 322.36]

16.09

0.01

0.720

[-71.94, 104.13]

living status → survival

117.56

0.03

0.028

[12.7, 222.42]

46.23

0.01

0.388

[-58.79, 151.25]

social status → survival

3.20

0.01

0.690

[-12.55, 18.95]

-28.63

− 0.05

< 0.001

[-44.28, -12.97]

age → cognitive

-0.08

− 0.19

< 0.001

[-0.09, -0.06]

-0.08

− 0.20

< 0.001

[-0.09, -0.07]

sex → cognitive

-0.91

− 0.22

< 0.001

[-1.03, -0.79]

-0.91

− 0.22

< 0.001

[-1.03, -0.79]

education → cognitive

0.38

0.30

< 0.001

[0.34, 0.41]

0.38

0.30

< 0.001

[0.34, 0.41]

marital → cognitive

0.32

0.07

< 0.001

[0.17, 0.48]

0.33

0.07

< 0.001

[0.17, 0.49]

living status → cognitive

-0.05

− 0.01

0.624

[-0.24, 0.14]

-0.05

− 0.01

0.631

[-0.24, 0.14]

social status → cognitive

-0.10

− 0.10

< 0.001

[-0.13, -0.07]

-0.10

− 0.10

< 0.001

[-0.13, -0.07]

age → physical

-0.08

− 0.05

0.002

[-0.14, -0.03]

-0.09

− 0.06

0.001

[-0.14, -0.04]

sex → physical

-4.10

− 0.24

< 0.001

[-4.67, -3.53]

-4.09

− 0.24

< 0.001

[-4.66, -3.53]

education → physical

0.24

0.05

0.005

[0.07, 0.4]

0.24

0.05

0.005

[0.07, 0.41]

marital → physical

-0.38

− 0.02

0.307

[-1.11, 0.35]

-0.39

− 0.02

0.300

[-1.12, 0.34]

living status → physical

-0.34

− 0.01

0.455

[-1.22, 0.55]

-0.35

− 0.01

0.440

[-1.24, 0.54]

social status → physical

0.39

0.09

< 0.001

[0.26, 0.52]

0.41

0.10

< 0.001

[0.28, 0.54]

age → mental

0.07

0.05

0.002

[0.03, 0.12]

0.07

0.05

0.002

[0.03, 0.12]

sex → mental

-0.62

− 0.04

0.016

[-1.13, -0.12]

-0.62

− 0.04

0.015

[-1.13, -0.12]

education → mental

0.20

0.04

0.008

[0.05, 0.35]

0.19

0.04

0.011

[0.04, 0.34]

marital → mental

0.13

0.01

0.702

[-0.52, 0.78]

0.12

0.01

0.713

[-0.53, 0.77]

living status → mental

0.83

0.04

0.038

[0.05, 1.62]

0.85

0.04

0.033

[0.07, 1.64]

social status → mental

0.29

0.08

< 0.001

[0.18, 0.41]

0.33

0.09

< 0.001

[0.21, 0.44]

(Moderating effects of sex)

housework × sex → survival

-25.60

− 0.01

0.510

[-101.76, 50.56]

housework × sex → cognitive

-0.05

− 0.01

0.473

[-0.18, 0.09]

housework × sex → physical

0.04

0.002

0.896

[-0.59, 0.67]

housework × sex → mental

0.10

0.01

0.712

[-0.45, 0.66]

cognitive × sex → survival

-210.19

− 0.28

< 0.001

[-245.53, -174.85]

physical × sex → survival

-15.57

− 0.08

< 0.001

[-22.92, -8.23]

mental × sex → survival

-8.00

− 0.03

0.056

[-16.21, 0.21]

Indirect effects

housework→ cognitive→ survival

1.23

-

0.642

[-3.95, 6.40]

6.73

-

0.425

[-9.79, 23.25]

house work → physical → survival

10.61

-

< 0.001

[4.32, 16.89]

11.29

-

0.009

[2.78, 19.80]

house work → mental → survival

2.56

-

0.040

[0.12, 5.00]

3.43

-

0.100

[-0.76, 7.61]

overall indirect effect

14.40

-

< 0.001

[5.90, 22.89]

21.45

-

0.027

[2.42, 40.48]

Total effect (housework → survival)

197.82

-

< 0.001

[161.41, 234.23]

275.95

-

< 0.001

[229.53, 322,37]