Table 1 Sociodemographic Characteristics of Participants (N = 4,000)

Age (years)

72.49 ± 5.18, range [65, 98]

Sex

 Male

2,000 (50.00%)

 Female

2,000 (50.00%)

Education

 Some primary school

2,137 (53.43%)

 Primary school (graduated)

533 (13.33%)

 Some secondary school

480 (12.00%)

 Secondary school (graduated)

434 (10.85%)

 Some postsecondary education

75 (1.88%)

 Postsecondary education (graduated)

333 (8.33%)

 Some graduate education

0

 Graduate school (graduated)

8 (0.20%)

Subjective social status

4.55 ± 1.90, range [1, 10]

Marital status

 Married or in marriage-like relationship

2,829 (70.73%)

 Other (e.g., single, divorced, widowed)

1,171 (29.28%)

Living status

 Alone

 With others

546 (13.65%)

3,454 (86.35%)

Housework

1.69 ± .94, range [0, 6]

Days survived

4933.34 ± 1519.45 days, range [29, 6378]

(~ 13.52 ± 4.16 years, range [.08, 17.47])

Cognitive functioning #

30.19 ± 2.03, range [16.35, 33.45]

Physical health #

48.56 ± 8.43, range [11.54, 67.19]

Mental health #

55.44 ± 7.29, range [14.38, 69.53]