Table 2 Bivariate analysis of low life satisfaction (LLS) among older adults

Loneliness

< 0.001

No

26.94

Yes

40.86

Spirituality

< 0.001

Yes

52.62

No

29.18

Religiosity

< 0.001

Yes

39.18

No

29.38

Religious participation

< 0.001

No

37.55

Yes

29.21

Age (in years)

0.324

60–69

30.88

70–79

31.05

80+

30.1

Sex

< 0.001

Male

28.96

Female

32.54

Marital status

< 0.001

Currently in union

28.59

Not in union

34.47

Living arrangement

< 0.001

Alone

45.89

With spouse

29.59

With others

30.03

Level of education

< 0.001

No/primary

34.68

Secondary

21.03

Higher

17.27

Work status

< 0.001

Never worked

30.83

Not working

32.85

Working

31.81

Retired

16.84

Physical activity

0.018

No

30.88

Yes

31.83

Tobacco use

< 0.001

No

29.77

Yes

33.28

Alcohol consumption

< 0.001

No

30.83

Yes

33.24

SRH

< 0.001

Good

28.22

Poor

42.47

Multimorbid

0.001

No

31.44

Yes

29.68

ADL

< 0.001

High

30.15

Low

34.08

IADL

< 0.001

High

28.72

Low

33.65

MPCE quintile

< 0.001

Poorest

36.93

Poorer

32.77

Middle

28.73

Richer

27.26

Richest

27.15

Religion

< 0.001

Hindu

37.23

Muslim

30.26

Others

25.58

Caste

< 0.001

SC/ST

31.09

OBC

29.77

Others

29.65

Place of residence

< 0.001

Urban

25.16

Rural

33.22

Region

< 0.001

North

33.02

Central

31.32

East

35.34

Northeast

25.24

West

36.85

South

15.52

Total

30.84