Determinants of physical, psychological, and social well-being in older adults: a cross-sectional study in senior care facilities of Pakistan (2019/20)

Tariq, Jawad; Zakar, Rubeena; Ali, Mohammad Vaqas; Zakar, Muhammad Zakria; Sajjad, Amal; Fischer, Florian

doi:10.1186/s12877-023-04014-w

Table 1 Psychometric properties and descriptive statistics of scales used in senior care facilities (n = 270)

From: Determinants of physical, psychological, and social well-being in older adults: a cross-sectional study in senior care facilities of Pakistan (2019/20)

Scales	Loadings	Cronbach’s αlpha	Mean (SD)	Range
Relocation autonomy (AVE = 81.4%)		0.92	4.61 (3.10)	0–8
Was it your decision to live here?	0.82
How much input you had in the decision?	0.89
Did you somehow influence the decision?	0.84
Any consultations about the decision?	0.71
Loneliness (AVE = 59.4%)		0.93	11.8 (6.83)	0–22
Miss pleasure of company of others?	0.87
Often feel rejected?	0.73
Experienced a general sense of emptiness?	0.67
Plenty of people to lean on in case of problems?	0.66
Have someone to talk to about daily problems?	0.70
Circle of friends and acquaintances too limited?	0.77
Have many people that can be trusted?	0.70
Miss having people around you?	0.87
Have enough people to feel close to?	0.61
Miss having a really close friend?	0.74
Call on friends whenever needed?	0.51
Service quality (AVE = 35.2%)		0.90	32.7 (8.36)	4–50
Respectful staff?	0.78
Polite staff?	0.71
Questions addressed by staff?	0.65
Comforted by staff when sad/lonely?	0.61
Staff has time to talk about what bothers you?	0.62
Staff knows about personal habits and tastes?	0.72
Staff less than what is actually required?	0.58
Staff encourages residents to establish relations?	0.72
Staff encourages participation in activities?	0.71
Staff too busy to answer my requests?	0.62
Staff meets promise of coming within time?	0.50
Not have to ask twice before something is done?	0.64
Immediate response by staff when called?	0.70
Staff responds instantly in medical emergency?	0.54
Staff keeps quality of life as high as possible?	0.58
Staff takes sincere interest in solving problems?	0.55
Information given by staff about daily activities?	0.57
Residents involved in decision making?	0.62
Residents can offer feedback to concerned?	0.61
Residents can propose suggestions?	0.71
Residents can decide when they eat?	0.70
Residents can decide what to eat?	0.71
Residents decide when they want to go out?	0.79
Residents decide which clothes they wear?	0.67
Residents decide when to go to bed and get up?	0.60
Residents given the privacy they want?	0.57
Physical well-being (AVE = 62.7%)		0.91	9.58 (4.59)	0–16
Do not have many physical complaints?	0.67
Do not think that I have a heart condition?	0.65
Good appetite for food?	0.56
Have aches and pains?	0.54
In good shape physically?	0.65
Is your health deteriorating?	0.58
Do not get tired very easily?	0.66
Can stand a fair amount of physical strain?	0.73
Psychological well-being (AVE = 62.1%)		0.88	7.20 (3.39)	0–12
Is life worth living?	0.67
Often bored?	0.51
No one cares if I am dead or alive?	0.50
Exciting to be alive?	0.60
Sometimes I wish I never wake up?	0.74
Do not seem to care about what happens to me?	0.71
Social well-being (AVE = 50.3%)		0.89	5.83 (4.94)	0–22
Definite role in family and among friends?	0.58
Family and friends understand you?	0.68
Feel useful to family and friends?	0.58
Feel listened to by family and friends?	0.74
Can talk about your deepest problems?	0.53
Know what is happening with family/friends?	0.58
Satisfied with the relationships you have?	0.71
Number of family members you can depend on?	0.56
Number of times spent with someone not living here in past week?	0.65
Number of times had telephonic conversation with friends/relatives in past week?	0.69
Number of times attended social meetings/events in past week?	0.64

AVE = Average Variance Extract

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ISSN: 1471-2318

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