Table 1 General characteristics of participants (n = 414)
Variable | n (%) | Mean ± SD (Min – Max) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | Â | Â | ||
| Â | Male | 205(49.5%) | Â | |
| Â | Female | 209(50.5%) | Â | |
Age (years) |  | 67.11 ± 6.60 (60–100) | ||
|  | 60–69 | 305(73.7%) |  | |
|  | 70–79 | 85(20.5%) |  | |
|  | ≥ 80 | 24(5.8%) |  | |
Marital status | Â | Â | ||
| Â | Single/Widowed/Divorced/Separate | 178(43.0%) | Â | |
| Â | Married | 236(57.0%) | Â | |
Education | Â | Â | ||
| Â | No | 275(66.4%) | Â | |
| Â | Yes | 139(33.6%) | Â | |
Employment status | Â | Â | ||
| Â | Not employed | 213(51.4%) | Â | |
| Â | Employed | 201(48.6%) | Â | |
Perceived financial status | Â | Â | ||
| Â | Insufficient | 120(29.0%) | Â | |
| Â | Sufficient | 294(71.0%) | Â | |
Current smoking | Â | Â | ||
| Â | No | 320(77.3%) | Â | |
| Â | Yes | 94(22.7%) | Â | |
Current alcohol consumption | Â | Â | ||
| Â | No | 296(71.5%) | Â | |
| Â | Yes | 118(28.5%) | Â | |
Favorite food taste | Â | Â | ||
| Â | Bland | 131(31.6%) | Â | |
| Â | Salty | 118(28.5%) | Â | |
| Â | Sweet | 93(22.5%) | Â | |
| Â | Fatty | 44(10.6%) | Â | |
| Â | Spicy | 28(6.8%) | Â | |
DM duration |  | 4.36 ± 2.65 (1–20) | ||
Comorbidity | Â | Â | ||
| Â | No | 91(22.0%) | Â | |
| Â | Yes | 323(78.0%) | Â | |
| Â | Type of disease | Â | Â | |
| Â | Â | Hypertension (HT) | 280(67.6%) | Â |
| Â | Â | Hyperlipidemia | 188(45.4%) | Â |
| Â | Â | Stroke | 42(10.1%) | Â |
| Â | Â | Coronary artery disease (CAD) | 24(5.8%) | Â |
| Â | Â | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | 18(4.3%) | Â |
| Â | Â | Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) | 15(3.6) | Â |
Medication adherence | Â | Â | ||
| Â | Never forget to take medicine | 75(18.1%) | Â | |
|  | Ever forgot-sometimes (1–3 times/week) | 265(64.0%) |  | |
|  | Ever forget-often (≥ 4 times/week) | 74(17.9%) |  | |
Having a caregiver | Â | Â | ||
| Â | No | 190(45.9%) | Â | |
| Â | Yes | 224(54.1%) | Â | |