Availability of healthy foods, fruit and vegetable consumption, and cognition among urban older adults

BMC Geriatrics

Table 4 Results from multilevel models (outcome: Color-Shape Binding (visual short-term memory binding))

Fixed effects	Estimate (SE)	95% CI	p-value
Intercept	0.547 (0.062)	[0.425, 0.669]	< 0.001
Objective availability of healthy foods	0.025 (0.015)	[-0.004, 0.055]	0.094
Subjective availability of healthy foods	0.042 (0.017)	[0.009, 0.075]	0.012
Linear session	0.004 (0.001)	[0.003, 0.005]	< 0.001
Quadratic session	0.000 (0.000)	[0.000, 0.000]	< 0.001
Linear time of day	-0.001 (0.000)	[-0.001, 0.000]	0.094
Quadratic time of day	0.000 (0.000)	[0.000, 0.000]	0.618
Age	-0.009 (0.004)	[-0.016, -0.001]	0.023
Female	0.023 (0.036)	[-0.046, 0.093]	0.510
nHB^a vs. nHW^b	-0.129 (0.042)	[-0.211, -0.046]	0.002
Other race vs. nHW^b	-0.046 (0.05)	[-0.144, 0.051]	0.350
Below HS vs. HS^c	-0.218 (0.08)	[-0.374, -0.062]	0.006
Associates/Bachelors vs. HS	0.102 (0.041)	[0.022, 0.183]	0.013
Graduate vs. HS	0.117 (0.039)	[0.040, 0.195]	0.003
Financial situation	-0.002 (0.007)	[-0.015, 0.012]	0.819
ADI^d	0.015 (0.007)	[0.001, 0.029]	0.040
Random effects
Var (Intercept)	0.063 (0.006)		< 0.001
Residual	0.085 (0.001)		< 0.001

Note. Unit: d prime (z(H) - z(F)). Higher scores mean better cognitive function (more accurate responses with fewer false alarms).
^a nHB = non-Hispanic Blacks; ^b nHW = non-Hispanic Whites; ^cHS = High school completion;
^d Area Deprivation Index

ISSN: 1471-2318