Table 2 Baseline characteristics of participants overall and by MetS and/or CircS status (n = 9,770)
From: Predictor of cognitive impairment: metabolic syndrome or circadian syndrome
Variable | Age | MetS and/or CircS Status | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Normal (n = 5,136) | MetS alone (n = 1,075) | CircS alone (n = 435) | Both MetS and CircS (n = 3124) | P-value | ||
Age (mean ± SD) | 58.80 ± 8.93 | 58.39 ± 9.04 | 58.18 ± 8.81 | 60.22 ± 8.91 | 59.48 ± 8.74 | < 0.001 |
BMI (kg/m 2 ) |  | 22.11 ± 3.35 | 24.99 ± 3.42 | 22.63 ± 3.68 | 25.67 ± 3.79 | < 0.001 |
Male (n, %) | 59.63 ± 8.94 | 2776 (54.07) | 551 (51.26) | 178 (40.92) | 1078 (34.51) | < 0.001 |
Rural inhabitant (n, %) | 58.79 ± 8.93 | 2776 (54.07) | 551 (51.26) | 178 (40.92) | 1078 (34.51) | < 0.001 |
Live with spouse (n, %) | 58.16 ± 8.52 | 4402 (85.71) | 956 (88.93) | 327 (75.17) | 2612 (83.61) | < 0.001 |
Household income > 30,000 per year (n, %) | 56.54 ± 8.18 | 1283 (26.75) | 298 (30.10) | 66 (16.58) | 752 (26.32) | < 0.001 |
Education (n, %) |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
Illiterate | 61.21 ± 8.92 | 2282 (44.44) | 406 (37.80) | 266 (61.15) | 1516 (48.54) |  |
Primary school | 59.22 ± 8.60 | 1202 (23.41) | 228 (21.23) | 84 (19.31) | 693 (22.19) |  |
Middle school | 54.87 ± 7.80 | 1088 (21.19) | 274 (25.51) | 61 (14.02) | 605 (19.37) |  |
High school or above | 55.24 ± 7.91 | 563 (10.96) | 166 (15.46) | 24 (5.52) | 309 (9.89) |  |
Smoking status (n, %) |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
Non-smokers | 58.26 ± 8.99 | 2839 (55.29) | 640 (59.53) | 270 (62.07) | 2185 (69.94) |  |
Ex-smokers | 61.75 ± 9.24 | 434 (8.45) | 107 (9.95) | 27 (6.21) | 282 (9.03) |  |
Current smokers | 59.01 ± 8.56 | 1862 (36.26) | 328 (30.51) | 138 (31.72) | 657 (21.03) |  |
Drinking status (n, %) |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
Never drank | 58.63 ± 9.07 | 2808 (54.68) | 607 (56.52) | 265 (60.92) | 2077 (66.49) |  |
Abstainers | 61.84 ± 8.61 | 404 (7.87) | 76 (7.08) | 41 (9.43) | 270 (8.64) |  |
Current drinkers | 58.34 ± 8.62 | 1923 (37.45) | 391 (36.41) | 129 (29.66) | 777 (24.87) |  |
Physical activity (n, %) |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
None | 61.17 ± 9.74 | 174 (8.08) | 53 (10.60) | 21 (10.77) | 168 (12.34) |  |
Mild | 60.69 ± 9.56 | 414 (19.23) | 114 (22.80) | 47 (24.10) | 388 (28.51) |  |
Moderate | 58.31 ± 8.73 | 623 (28.94) | 169 (33.80) | 66 (33.85) | 433 (31.81) |  |
Vigorous | 57.01 ± 8.03 | 942 (43.75) | 164 (32.80) | 61 (31.28) | 372 (27.33) |  |
Missing | 58.89 ± 8.93 | 2983 | 575 | 240 | 1763 |  |
Hypertension (n, %) | 60.39 ± 9.15 | 1687 (32.99) | 607 (56.62) | 218 (50.35) | 2109 (67.68) | < 0.001 |
Cancer | 58.40 ± 9.64 | 37 (0.72) | 13 (1.21) | 10 (2.31) | 30 (0.97) | 0.006 |
Heart diseases | 60.95 ± 8.80 | 460 (9.01) | 106 (9.91) | 80 (18.43) | 549 (17.69) | < 0.001 |
Stroke | 62.95 ± 8.75 | 68 (1.33) | 13 (1.21) | 12 (2.76) | 93 (2.99) | < 0.001 |
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus | 59.81 ± 8.94 | 524 (10.28) | 219 (20.56) | 68 (15.81) | 938 (30.29) | < 0.001 |
Chronic kidney disease | 58.48 ± 8.43 | 345 (6.76) | 47 (4.40) | 45 (10.42) | 200 (6.43) | < 0.001 |
Elevated waist circumference | 58.51 ± 8.73 | 1550 (30.18) | 786 (73.12) | 202 (46.44) | 2585 (82.75) | < 0.001 |
Elevated serum triglycerides | 58.14 ± 8.58 | 252 (4.91) | 325 (30.23) | 38 (8.74) | 2001 (64.05) | < 0.001 |
Reduced serum HDL-C | 58.24 ± 8.67 | 683 (13.30) | 560 (52.09) | 119 (27.36) | 2450 (78.43) | < 0.001 |
Elevated blood pressure | 60.18 ± 9.17 | 2034 (39.60) | 771 (71.72) | 262 (60.23) | 2502 (80.09) | < 0.001 |
Elevated plasma glucose | 59.32 ± 8.85 | 1898 (36.95) | 783 (72.84) | 249 (57.24) | 2675 (85.63) | < 0.001 |
Short sleep | 60.44 ± 9.00 | 1239 (24.12) | 0 (0.00) | 435 (100.00) | 1202 (38.48) | < 0.001 |
Depression | 59.62 ± 8.92 | 1677 (32.65) | 0 (0.00) | 435 (100.00) | 1496 (47.89) | < 0.001 |
Baseline cognitive function (mean ± SD) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Episode memory | 58.80 ± 8.93 | 5.71 ± 2.67 | 6.19 ± 2.57 | 4.61 ± 2.71 | 5.48 ± 2.72 | < 0.001 |
Executive function | 58.80 ± 8.93 | 6.60 ± 3.78 | 7.25 ± 3.80 | 5.46 ± 3.49 | 6.43 ± 3.71 | < 0.001 |
Overall cognitive function | 58.80 ± 8.93 | 12.31 ± 5.35 | 13.44 ± 5.33 | 10.07 ± 5.04 | 11.90 ± 5.37 | < 0.001 |