Table 1 Definition of metabolic syndrome and circadian syndrome

Elevated waist circumference

Population- and country- specific definitions (≥ 85 cm in men, ≥ 80 cm in women)

√

√

Elevated triglycerides (drug treatment for elevated triglycerides is an alternate indicator)

≥ 150 mg dL^− 1 (1.7 mmol L^− 1)

√

√

Reduced HDL-C (drug treatment for reduced HDL-C is an alternate indicator)

< 40 mg dL^− 1 (1.0 mmol L^− 1) in men; < 50 mg dL^− 1 (1.3 mmol L^− 1) in women;

√

√

Elevated blood pressure (antihypertensive drug treatment in a patient with a history of hypertension is an alternate indicator)

Systolic ≥ 130 and/or diastolic ≥ 85 mmHg

√

√

Elevated fasting glucose (drug treatment of elevated glucose is an alternate indicator)

≥ 100 mg dL^− 1

√

√

Short sleep

< 6 h day^− 1

√

Depression symptom

10 item CES-D score ≥ 10

√

Definition criteria

≥ 3 components

≥ 4 components