Association of frailty with influenza and hospitalization due to influenza among independent older adults: a longitudinal study of Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES)

Table 2 Associations of influenza or the hospitalization with frailty or sex among older adults aged ≥ 65 years (n = 77,103)

	Influenza				Hospitalization due to influenza
	Unadjusted		Adjusted		Unadjusted		Adjusted
	RR	95% CI	RR	95% CI	RR	95% CI	RR	95% CI
Nonfrail	1.00	Reference	1.00	Reference	1.00	Reference	1.00	Reference
Prefrail	1.12	1.06 − 1.19	1.16	1.09 − 1.23	2.36	1.60 − 3.47	2.13	1.44 − 3.16
Frail	1.23	1.10 − 1.38	1.36	1.20 − 1.53	4.21	2.53 − 6.99	3.18	1.84 − 5.57
Female	1.00	Reference	1.00	Reference	1.00	Reference	1.00	Reference
Male	0.99	0.93 − 1.04	1.01	0.95 − 1.08	1.84	1.36 − 2.49	1.70	1.15 − 2.52

RR risk ratio, 95% CI 95% confidence interval. For the estimation of the associations between influenza or the hospitalization and frailty, RRs and 95% CIs were adjusted for age, sex, marital status, educational attainment, equivalized income, household structure, smoking status, high-risk disease, influenza vaccination, civic participation, reciprocity, numbers of friends met in the last month, and the municipalities. For the estimation of the associations between influenza or the hospitalization and sex, RRs and 95% CIs were adjusted for frailty, age, marital status, educational attainment, equivalized income, household structure, smoking status, high-risk disease, influenza vaccination, civic participation, reciprocity, numbers of friends met in the last month, and the municipalities

ISSN: 1471-2318