Relation of environmental factors with activity limitations and participation restrictions in older adults with diabetes mellitus over time: an international classification of functioning framework perspective

Table 6 GEE analysis of predictors of the changes for activity limitations and participation restrictions in patients with diabetes

Variable	Activity limitations				Participation restrictions
	B	SE	95% C I	p value	B	SE	95% C I	p value
(Intercept)	12.34	0.83	10.70, 13.97	< 0.001	0.26	0.24	-0.20, 0.73	0.264
Personal factors
Aged ≥ 75 years	1.19	0.08	1.03, 1.34	< 0.001
Perceived health status (1–10 points)	-0.46	0.03	-0.52, -0.39	< 0.001
Function/structure factors
MMSE (1–30 points)	-0.25	0.01	-0.28, -0.23	< 0.001
GDS-S (0–15 points)					0.14	0.01	0.11, 0.16	< 0.001
Environmental factors
PPS	-0.11	0.03	-0.16, -0.06	< 0.001	-0.02	0.01	-0.05, 0.01	0.139
Time (season)
Time 4 (summer, 1 year later)	0.29	0.03	0.24, 0.35	< 0.001	-0.30	0.02	-0.34, -0.27	< 0.001
Time 3 (spring)	0.38	0.03	0.32, 0.45	< 0.001	-0.27	0.02	-0.31, -0.22	< 0.001
Time 2 (winter)	0.26	0.04	0.19, 0.33	< 0.001	-0.22	0.02	-0.26, -0.17	< 0.001
Time 1 (autumn)	-0.16	0.05	-0.25, -0.07	< 0.001	-0.21	0.03	-0.26, -0.16	< 0.001
Time 0 (summer) ref.

a: Reference: baseline (summer); Age (< 75 years)
b: baseline (summer); Time 1 (autumn); Time 2 (winter); Time 3 (spring); Time 4 (summer 1 year later)

ISSN: 1471-2318