Fig. 1

The estimated path coefficients of the model guiding by the integral conceptual model of frailty. Statistically significant standardized coefficients are included in the graph. Model fit indicators: the chi square degree of freedom ratio (χ2/df) = 2.508; the goodness-of-fit index (GFI) = 0.920; the incremental fit index (IFI) = 0.901; the confirmatory fit index (CFI) = 0.898; the root-mean- square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.067, *:P < 0.05; **: P < 0.001