Table 1 Characteristics of IMH&W participants at baseline and their bivariate association with frailty classification and pain
Variable | All participants N = 1,179 | Non-frail N = 1,003 | Frail N = 176 | Bivariate association with frailty, OR (CI) | Bivariate association with joint pain NRS, β (CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | |||||
 Female, n (%) | 628 (53) | 502 (50) | 126 (72) | 2.51 (1.77, 3.57), p < 0.001 | 0.86 (0.57, 1.15), p < 0.001 |
 Male, n (%) | 551 (47) | 501 (50) | 50 (28) | Ref | Ref |
Age (years), median (IQR) | 73 (69–78) | 73 (69–78) | 73 (69–79) | 1.005 (0.98, 1.03), p = 0.716 | -0.02 (-.04, -0.002), p = 0.034 |
Ethnicity | |||||
 White, n (%) | 1,165 (99) | 995 (99) | 170 (97) | Ref | Ref |
 Non-white | 13 (1) | 8 (1) | 5 (3) | 3.65 (1.18, 11.31) p = 0.024 | 1.24 (-.16, 2.64), p = 0.083 |
BMI Classa, n (%) | |||||
 Underweight | 17 (1) | 13 (1) | 4 (2) | 3.25 (1.00, 10.58), p = 0.049 | -0.005 (-1.22, 1.21), p = 0.994 |
 Normal | 371 (32) | 339 (34) | 32 (19) | Ref | Ref |
 Pre-obese | 452 (39) | 399 (40) | 53 (31) | 1.41 (0.89, 2.23), p = 0.147 | 0.32 (-0.28, 0.66), p = 0.071 |
 Obese | 327 (28) | 244 (25) | 83 (48) | 3.60 (2.32, 5.59), p =  < 0.001 | 1.29 (0.92, 1.66), p < 0.001 |
Joint Pain (NRS) | |||||
 mean (SD) | 5.2 (2.5) | 4.8 (2.4) | 7.4 (1.7) | 1.79 (1.62, 1.98), p < 0.001 | NA |
 median (IQR) | 5 (3–7) | 5 (3–7) | 8 (6–8) |  |  |
Pain category, n (%) | |||||
 Acceptable (NRS 0–3) | 290 (26) | 288 (31) | 2 (1) | Ref | NA |
 Unacceptable (NRS ≥ 4) | 816 (74) | 646 (69) | 172 (99) | 38.46 (9.48, 156.09), p < 0.001 | NA |
Indices of multiple deprivation decile, median (IQR) | 8 (5–9) | 8 (5–9) | 8 (5–9) | p = 0.2392 at all levels | p = 0.2114 at all levels |
Route of recruitment, n (%) | |||||
 General Practitioner | 1072 (91) | 913 (91) | 159 (90) | Ref | Ref |
 Previous studies | 101 (8.5) | 86 (8.6) | 15 (8.4) | 1.00, (0.56, 1.78), p < 0.996 | 0.06 (-0.45, .58), p = 0.805 |
 Other | 6 (0.5) | 4 (0.4) | 2 (1.1) | 2.87 (0.52, 15.81), p = 0.226 | 1.32 (-0.66, 3.30), p = 0.191 |