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Table 3 Results of the conditional logistic regression analysis for each type of hypnotic and each outcome

From: Hypnotics and injuries among older adults with Parkinson’s disease: a nested case–control design

 

Injuries

Fractures

Femoral fractures

 

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

Benzodiazepines

      

 Number of hypnotics per day

1.12

(1.03–1.22)

1.17

(0.89–1.56)

1.99

(0.95–4.18)

 Injury/fracture/femoral fracture

2.93

(2.68–3.19)

5.50

(4.81–6.29)

16.75

(11.39–24.62)

 Cancer

1.11

(0.98–1.25)

1.13

(0.95–1.35)

0.91

(0.62–1.33)

 Ischemic heart disease

1.05

(0.96–1.15)

0.98

(0.87–1.12)

1.12

(0.86–1.44)

 Cerebrovascular disease

0.93

(0.86–1.01)

0.91

(0.81–1.02)

0.83

(0.66–1.05)

 Dyslipidemia

0.98

(0.90–1.06)

0.95

(0.84–1.06)

0.82

(0.65–1.04)

 Diabetes mellitus

0.99

(0.91–1.09)

0.91

(0.80–1.03)

1.02

(0.79–1.31)

 Dementia

0.99

(0.90–1.09)

0.95

(0.84–1.08)

1.08

(0.84–1.40)

 Osteoporosis

1.32

(1.21–1.45)

1.27

(1.12–1.44)

1.09

(0.86–1.39)

 Anemia

1.07

(0.97–1.19)

0.98

(0.86–1.13)

0.87

(0.66–1.15)

Non-benzodiazepines

      

 Number of hypnotics per day

1.21

(0.97–1.51)

1.25

(0.99–1.59)

1.16

(0.49–2.71)

 Injury/fracture/femoral fracture

2.95

(2.71–3.22)

5.85

(5.09–6.73)

17.96

(12.17–26.51)

 Cancer

1.10

(0.97–1.24)

1.17

(0.98–1.39)

0.99

(0.67–1.44)

 Ischemic heart disease

1.03

(0.94–1.12)

1.03

(0.91–1.17)

1.18

(0.91–1.53)

 Cerebrovascular disease

0.95

(0.87–1.03)

0.86

(0.77–0.96)

0.81

(0.64–1.02)

 Dyslipidemia

0.95

(0.88–1.04)

0.92

(0.82–1.03)

0.92

(0.72–1.16)

 Diabetes mellitus

0.97

(0.89–1.06)

0.97

(0.85–1.09)

1.00

(0.78–1.29)

 Dementia

1.03

(0.94–1.13)

0.99

(0.87–1.12)

1.23

(0.95–1.58)

 Osteoporosis

1.35

(1.23–1.48)

1.27

(1.13–1.44)

1.23

(0.96–1.57)

 Anemia

1.12

(1.01–1.23)

0.91

(0.79–1.05)

0.82

(0.62–1.08)

Melatonin- receptor agonists

      

 Number of hypnotics per day

1.03

(0.99–1.08)

1.15

(1.00–1.31)

2.84

(1.19–6.77)

 Injury/fracture/femoral fracture

2.92

(2.68–3.19)

5.86

(5.10–6.74)

19.67

(13.18–29.35)

 Cancer

1.11

(0.98–1.25)

1.15

(0.97–1.37)

0.71

(0.48–1.04)

 Ischemic heart disease

1.05

(0.95–1.14)

1.05

(0.92–1.19)

1.09

(0.84–1.40)

 Cerebrovascular disease

0.94

(0.87–1.03)

0.86

(0.77–0.97)

0.83

(0.66–1.05)

 Dyslipidemia

0.94

(0.87–1.03)

0.96

(0.85–1.08)

0.90

(0.71–1.15)

 Diabetes mellitus

0.98

(0.90–1.07)

0.95

(0.84–1.08)

1.02

(0.79–1.31)

 Dementia

0.99

(0.90–1.08)

0.96

(0.84–1.09)

1.19

(0.92–1.54)

 Osteoporosis

1.32

(1.20–1.44)

1.23

(1.09–1.40)

1.23

(0.96–1.57)

 Anemia

1.11

(1.00–1.22)

0.92

(0.80–1.05)

0.84

(0.64–1.12)

Orexin- receptor antagonists

      

 Number of hypnotics per day

1.43

(0.97–2.11)

1.13

(0.82–1.55)

1.19

(0.32–4.51)

 Injury/fracture/femoral fracture

2.98

(2.73–3.25)

5.79

(5.06–6.63)

15.62

(10.75–22.69)

 Cancer

1.15

(1.02–1.31)

1.14

(0.96–1.35)

0.93

(0.64–1.35)

 Ischemic heart disease

1.06

(0.97–1.16)

0.98

(0.86–1.11)

0.98

(0.76–1.26)

 Cerebrovascular disease

0.93

(0.85–1.01)

0.95

(0.85–1.07)

0.98

(0.77–1.23)

 Dyslipidemia

0.97

(0.89–1.06)

0.92

(0.82–1.03)

0.83

(0.66–1.06)

 Diabetes mellitus

0.96

(0.88–1.05)

0.94

(0.83–1.07)

0.98

(0.76–1.26)

 Dementia

0.98

(0.89–1.08)

1.01

(0.88–1.15)

1.08

(0.84–1.38)

 Osteoporosis

1.30

(1.19–1.43)

1.24

(1.10–1.41)

1.14

(0.89–1.45)

 Anemia

1.11

(1.01–1.23)

0.99

(0.86–1.13)

0.96

(0.73–1.26)

  1. OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval. Each disease variable was defined as the medical history before the beginning of the study