Table 1 Participant demographics and outcomes
From: Hypnotics and injuries among older adults with Parkinson’s disease: a nested case–control design
Injuries | Fractures | Femoral fractures | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | (%) | No | (%) | p | Yes | (%) | No | (%) | p | Yes | (%) | No | (%) | p | Total | |
Total | 3343 | (66.7) | 1666 | (33.3) | 1894 | (37.8) | 3115 | (62.2) | 512 | (10.2) | 4497 | (89.8) | 5009 | |||
Sex | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | |||||||||||||
Male | 1324 | (62.9) | 782 | (37.1) | 584 | (27.7) | 1522 | (72.3) | 121 | (5.7) | 1985 | (94.3) | 2106 | |||
Female | 2019 | (69.5) | 884 | (30.5) | 1310 | (45.1) | 1593 | (54.9) | 391 | (13.5) | 2512 | (86.5) | 2903 | |||
Age (years) | 0.206 | 0.754 | 0.000 | |||||||||||||
75–79 | 1138 | (66.9) | 563 | (33.1) | 637 | (37.4) | 1064 | (62.6) | 136 | (8.0) | 1565 | (92.0) | 1701 | |||
80–84 | 1180 | (66.7) | 589 | (33.3) | 670 | (37.9) | 1099 | (62.1) | 163 | (9.2) | 1606 | (90.8) | 1769 | |||
85–89 | 736 | (68.3) | 342 | (31.7) | 420 | (39.0) | 658 | (61.0) | 151 | (14.0) | 927 | (86.0) | 1078 | |||
≥ 90 | 289 | (62.7) | 172 | (37.3) | 167 | (36.2) | 294 | (63.8) | 62 | (13.4) | 399 | (86.6) | 461 | |||
Years after Parkinson’s disease diagnosis | 0.030 | 0.081 | 0.002 | |||||||||||||
< 1 | 205 | (73.7) | 73 | (26.3) | 115 | (41.4) | 163 | (58.6) | 31 | (11.2) | 247 | (88.8) | 278 | |||
1 to < 5 | 2123 | (65.7) | 1108 | (34.3) | 1185 | (36.7) | 2046 | (63.3) | 311 | (9.6) | 2920 | (90.4) | 3231 | |||
5 to < 10 | 790 | (68.2) | 368 | (31.8) | 468 | (40.4) | 690 | (59.6) | 148 | (12.8) | 1010 | (87.2) | 1158 | |||
≥ 10 | 225 | (65.8) | 117 | (34.2) | 126 | (36.8) | 216 | (63.2) | 22 | (6.4) | 320 | (93.6) | 342 | |||
Long-term care level | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | |||||||||||||
None | 1179 | (64.7) | 643 | (35.3) | 627 | (34.4) | 1195 | (65.6) | 112 | (6.1) | 1710 | (93.9) | 1822 | |||
Some help required | 442 | (75.0) | 147 | (25.0) | 292 | (49.6) | 297 | (50.4) | 76 | (12.9) | 513 | (87.1) | 589 | |||
Care level 1 | 455 | (70.7) | 189 | (29.3) | 262 | (40.7) | 382 | (59.3) | 77 | (12.0) | 567 | (88.0) | 644 | |||
Care level 2 | 488 | (74.2) | 170 | (25.8) | 279 | (42.4) | 379 | (57.6) | 95 | (14.4) | 563 | (85.6) | 658 | |||
Care level 3 | 348 | (68.6) | 159 | (31.4) | 205 | (40.4) | 302 | (59.6) | 64 | (12.6) | 443 | (87.4) | 507 | |||
Care level 4 | 264 | (59.6) | 179 | (40.4) | 145 | (32.7) | 298 | (67.3) | 48 | (10.8) | 395 | (89.2) | 443 | |||
Care level 5 | 167 | (48.3) | 179 | (51.7) | 84 | (24.3) | 262 | (75.7) | 40 | (11.6) | 306 | (88.4) | 346 | |||
Place of residence | 0.052 | 0.606 | 0.000 | |||||||||||||
Home | 3030 | (67.2) | 1481 | (32.8) | 1711 | (37.9) | 2800 | (62.1) | 429 | (9.5) | 4082 | (90.5) | 4511 | |||
Retirement home | 313 | (62.9) | 185 | (37.1) | 183 | (36.7) | 315 | (63.3) | 83 | (16.7) | 415 | (83.3) | 498 | |||
Medical history | ||||||||||||||||
Injury | 1784 | (82.4) | 382 | (17.6) | 0.000 | 1157 | (53.4) | 1009 | (46.6) | 0.000 | 329 | (15.2) | 1837 | (84.8) | 0.000 | 2166 |
Fracture | 956 | (88.7) | 122 | (11.3) | 0.000 | 816 | (75.7) | 262 | (24.3) | 0.000 | 246 | (22.8) | 832 | (77.2) | 0.000 | 1078 |
Femoral fracture | 202 | (89.4) | 24 | (10.6) | 0.000 | 181 | (80.1) | 45 | (19.9) | 0.000 | 161 | (71.2) | 65 | (28.8) | 0.000 | 226 |
Cancer | 424 | (66.8) | 211 | (33.2) | 0.985 | 239 | (37.6) | 396 | (62.4) | 0.923 | 56 | (8.8) | 579 | (91.2) | 0.212 | 635 |
Ischemic heart disease | 973 | (68.0) | 457 | (32.0) | 0.216 | 530 | (37.1) | 900 | (62.9) | 0.490 | 149 | (10.4) | 1281 | (89.6) | 0.770 | 1430 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 1569 | (65.5) | 828 | (34.5) | 0.065 | 858 | (35.8) | 1539 | (64.2) | 0.005 | 227 | (9.5) | 2170 | (90.5) | 0.093 | 2397 |
Dyslipidemia | 1469 | (67.9) | 696 | (32.1) | 0.145 | 828 | (38.2) | 1337 | (61.8) | 0.581 | 197 | (9.1) | 1968 | (90.9) | 0.022 | 2165 |
Diabetes mellitus | 1080 | (66.7) | 539 | (33.3) | 0.973 | 571 | (35.3) | 1048 | (64.7) | 0.010 | 146 | (9.0) | 1473 | (91.0) | 0.052 | 1619 |
Dementia | 1167 | (64.4) | 644 | (35.6) | 0.009 | 646 | (35.7) | 1165 | (64.3) | 0.019 | 228 | (12.6) | 1583 | (87.4) | 0.000 | 1811 |
Osteoporosis | 1467 | (75.2) | 483 | (24.8) | 0.000 | 995 | (51.0) | 955 | (49.0) | 0.000 | 271 | (13.9) | 1679 | (86.1) | 0.000 | 1950 |
Anemia | 743 | (69.1) | 332 | (30.9) | 0.062 | 424 | (39.4) | 651 | (60.6) | 0.214 | 127 | (11.8) | 948 | (88.2) | 0.052 | 1075 |