Table 4 Pneumonia risk factors separated to AD and non-AD cohorts

Age

1.04 (1.04–1.04)

1.05 (1.05–1.05)

1.02 (1.02–1.02)

1.09 (1.09–1.09)

1.09 (1.09–1.09)

1.06 (1.06–1.06)

Men

2.10 (2.04–2.16)

2.27 (2.20–2.34)

2.01 (1.94–2.07)

1.52 (1.46–1.58)

1.89 (1.82–1.96)

1.73 (1.66–1.80)

Comorbidities

 Asthma/COPD

1.66 (1.59–1.74)

1.50 (1.43–1.57)

1.46 (1.40–1.54)

2.06 (1.96–2.17)

1.76 (1.67–1.86)

1.70 (1.60–1.79)

 Rheumatoid Arthritis

1.31 (1.21–1.43)

1.30 (1.20–1.41)

1.25 (1.15–1.37)

1.66 (1.51–1.82)

1.50 (1.36–1.65)

1.42 (1.28–1.56)

 Cardiovascular disease

1.24 (1.21–1.28)

1.06 (1.03–1.09)

1.00 (0.97–1.03)

1.67 (1.61–1.74)

1.30 (1.25–1.35)

1.19 (1.15–1.24)

 Diabetes

1.27 (1.22–1.33)

1.15 (1.10–1.20)

1.06 (1.01–1.10)

1.52 (1.44–1.60)

1.29 (1.22–1.36)

1.15 (1.09–1.22)

 Stroke

1.41 (1.35–1.48)

1.15 (1.10–1.21)

1.07 (1.02–1.13)

2.16 (2.04–2.28)

1.52 (1.43–1.61)

1.34 (1.26–1.42)

 Liver or kidney disease

1.41 (1.28–1.56)

1.08 (0.98–1.19)

0.93 (0.84–1.03)

2.09 (1.87–2.33)

1.42 (1.27–1.58)

1.05 (0.93–1.18)

 Previous hopital- treated pneumonia

2.64 (2.53–2.76)

2.00 (1.91–2.09)

1.74 (1.66–1.83)

4.18 (3.97–4.39)

2.61 (2.48–2.75)

2.17 (2.06–2.30)

Drug use

 Benzodiazepines or related drugs

1.14 (1.10–1.18)

1.03 (0.99–1.07)

1.05 (1.01–1.09)

1.59 (1.53–1.65)

1.14 (1.10–1.20)

1.14 (1.09–1.19)

 Antidepressants

0.99 (0.95–1.03)

1.01 (0.97–1.05)

1.01 (0.97–1.05)

1.73 (1.64–1.82)

1.30 (1.22–1.37)

1.20 (1.13–1.28)

 Antipsychotics

1.29 (1.23–1.35)

1.28 (1.22–1.34)

1.15 (1.10–1.21)

2.15 (1.98–2.33)

1.60 (1.47–1.74)

1.39 (1.27–1.52)

 Antiepileptics

1.48 (1.40–1.57)

1.33 (1.26–1.42)

1.29 (1.21–1.37)

1.93 (1.79–2.07)

1.43 (1.33–1.54)

1.42 (1.31–1.53)

 Opioids

1.32 (1.25–1.39)

1.13 (1.07–1.20)

1.08 (1.02–1.14)

1.64 (1.55–1.75)

1.20 (1.13–1.28)

1.08 (1.01–1.15)

 Biological products

1.15 (1.02–1.30)

1.07 (0.95–1.21)

1.00 (0.88–1.13)

1.30 (1.14–1.48)

1.14 (1.00–1.30)

1.07 (0.93–1.23)

 Oral glucocorticoids

2.07 (1.51–2.83)

1.63 (1.19–2.23)

1.29 (0.93–1.81)

2.16 (1.46–3.20)

1.79 (1.21–2.65)

1.71 (1.14–2.57)

 Proton pump inhibitors

1.23 (1.19–1.28)

1.10 (1.06–1.14)

1.06 (1.02–1.10)

1.60 (1.54–1.67)

1.23 (1.18–1.29)

1.16 (1.11–1.21)

 Any psychotropics

1.10 (1.07–1.14)

1.08 (1–05-1.12)

1.68 (1.62–1.75)

1.29 (1.23–1.34)

Number of psychotropics

 1

1.09 (1.05–1.12)

1.07 (1.03–1.10)

1.58 (1.52–1.65)

1.24 (1.19–1.30)

 2

1.13 (1.08–1.18)

1.11 (1.05–1.16)

2.00 (1.87–2.13)

1.39 (1.30–1.50)

 3

1.23 (1.12–1.35)

1.19 (1.08–1.31)

2.43 (2.07–2.84)

1.66 (1.41–1.96)

 Antiepileptic or opioid use

1.16 (1.11–1.21)

1.26 (1.11–1.43)

1.42 (1.34–1.50)

1.19 (1.12–1.26)

 Antiepileptic and opioid use

1.26 (1.11–1.42)

1.08 (1.05–1.12)

1.85 (1.62–2.12)

1.55 (1.34–1.78)